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Laser Physics

Controllable optical bistability and multistability in a graphene structure under external magnetic field

Ali Raheli, Hamid Reza Hamedi, Mostafa Sahrai

Published Dec 23, 2015• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We investigate the behavior of optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) based on quantum coherence in a Landau-quantized graphene structure. Such a tunable four-level system is driven coherently by two coherent fields and an incoherent pumping field inside the unidirectional ring cavity. The influence of system parameters on the threshold of the onset of OB and OM is studied. It is found that one can efficiently control the OB/OM threshold intensity and the hysteresis loop by using the system parameters. The results obtained may be used in real experiments for the development of new types of nanoelectronic devices for realizing an all-optical switching process.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/26/2/025201

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Abstract We investigate the behavior of optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) based on quantum coherence in a Landau-quantized graphene structure. Such a tunable four-level system is driven coherently by two coherent fields and an incoherent pumping field inside the unidirectional ring cavity. The influence of system parameters on the threshold of the onset of OB and OM is studied. It is found that one can efficiently control the OB/OM threshold intensity and the hysteresis loop by using the system parameters. The results obtained may be used in real experiments for the development of new types of nanoelectronic devices for realizing an all-optical switching process.
Abstract We investigate the dynamic characteristics of a Landau-quantized graphene monolayer system interacting with three infrared laser probe fields in a monodirectional ring cavity, and analyse the input–output properties of the infrared laser probe field under a steady-state condition. The results show that we can effectively control the appearance or disappearance of optical bistability (OB) or optical multistability (OM) by adjusting the relative phase of three coherent fields, the coupling field intensity, as well as the frequency detunings of the probe field and the control field. In addition, we discuss in detail the influences of the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized component intensity of the control field on the behaviors of OB and OM. Our investigation may be used to build more efficient logic-gate devices to realize an all-optic switching process.
The solution of input-output curves in an optical ring cavity containing Landau-quantized graphene is theoretically investigated taking the advantage of density-matrix method. It is found that under the action of strong magnetic and infrared laser fields, one can efficiently reduce the threshold of the onset of optical bistability (OB) at resonance condition. At non-resonance condition, we observed that graphene metamaterial can support the possibility to obtain optical multistability (OM), which is more practical in all-optical switching or coding elements. We present an analytical approach to elucidate our simulations. Due to very high infrared optical nonlinearity of graphene stemming from very unique and unusual properties of quantized Landau levels near the Dirac point, such controllability on OB and OM may provide new technological possibilities in solid state quantum information science.
This paper deals with optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) behaviors for a triple semiconductor quantum well (SQW) structure driven coherently with two control fields, confined in a unidirectional ring cavity. The effect of different system parameters on OB and OM is explored. It is found that the threshold of onset of the OB can be controlled by manipulating the Rabi frequency of control fields. In this case, OB can be converted to OM. Then we investigate the effect of probe and control field detunings on OB behaviors. We found that the frequency detuning of probe field affects only the upper–lower branches of the OB curves but has no specific impact on OB threshold. By manipulating the first control field detuning, neither the OB threshold intensity nor upper–lower branches change. Finally, it is found that increasing the second control field detuning can reduce merely the OB threshold intensity, while no change happens in upper–lower OB branches. The results may be applicable in real experiments for realizing an all-optical switching or coding element in a solid-state platform.
Abstract We investigate the coherent manipulation of certain optical properties in graphene under Raman excitation by using a density-matrix approach. It is shown that the absorption and dispersion, the group velocity, and the transmission coefficient of the probe field can be efficiently controlled through proper adjustment of the intensity and frequency detuning of the control field. In addition, the optical bistability (OB) behavior is explored for the proposed system. It is found that the bistable threshold intensity and related hysteresis loop of OB can be controlled by the parameters of the system. The results obtained may be used in real experiments for the development of new types of nanoelectronic devices used for the realization of all-optical switching processes.
Abstract We theoretically investigate optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) in a three-level cascade-type graphene quantum dot system placed in a Fabry-Perot cavity. The results obtained demonstrate that the OB intensity threshold can be controlled by the intensity and detuning of the driving field. Furthermore, since the three applied fields create a closed-loop system, their relative phase is utilized to manipulate OB and OM. The applied coupling field is assumed to be a vortex beam which provides two additional parameters for controlling OB. Our findings reveal that the OB intensity threshold is sensitive to the orbital angular momentum and azimuthal phase of the coupling vortex beam.
Abstract The problem of optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) is numerically investigated in a four-level inverted Y-type semiconductor quantum well (SQW) structure immersed in a unidirectional ring cavity. In the four-level SQW system under consideration, a closed loop configuration is coupled to the upper level through a tunable probe field. We show that the OB threshold intensity can be controlled via the intensity of coupling fields which gives rise to the absorption variation of the probe field. In addition, due to the existence of the closed-loop configuration, the OB and OM behaviors of the proposed SQW medium are dependent on the relative phase of the applied fields. It is found that the OB can be switched to OM or vice versa by properly adjusting the relative phase of the applied fields. The results may provide new possibilities in real experiments for realizing an all-optical switching or coding element in a solid-state platform.