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Journal of Applied Physics

Realization of optical bistability and multistability in Landau-quantized graphene

Hamid Reza Hamedi, Seyyed Hossein Asadpour

Published May 8, 2015• 37 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The solution of input-output curves in an optical ring cavity containing Landau-quantized graphene is theoretically investigated taking the advantage of density-matrix method. It is found that under the action of strong magnetic and infrared laser fields, one can efficiently reduce the threshold of the onset of optical bistability (OB) at resonance condition. At non-resonance condition, we observed that graphene metamaterial can support the possibility to obtain optical multistability (OM), which is more practical in all-optical switching or coding elements. We present an analytical approach to elucidate our simulations. Due to very high infrared optical nonlinearity of graphene stemming from very unique and unusual properties of quantized Landau levels near the Dirac point, such controllability on OB and OM may provide new technological possibilities in solid state quantum information science.

DOI
10.1063/1.4919893

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The solution of input-output curves in an optical ring cavity containing Landau-quantized graphene is theoretically investigated taking the advantage of density-matrix method. It is found that under the action of strong magnetic and infrared laser fields, one can efficiently reduce the threshold of the onset of optical bistability (OB) at resonance condition. At non-resonance condition, we observed that graphene metamaterial can support the possibility to obtain optical multistability (OM), which is more practical in all-optical switching or coding elements. We present an analytical approach to elucidate our simulations. Due to very high infrared optical nonlinearity of graphene stemming from very unique and unusual properties of quantized Landau levels near the Dirac point, such controllability on OB and OM may provide new technological possibilities in solid state quantum information science.
Abstract We investigate the dynamic characteristics of a Landau-quantized graphene monolayer system interacting with three infrared laser probe fields in a monodirectional ring cavity, and analyse the input–output properties of the infrared laser probe field under a steady-state condition. The results show that we can effectively control the appearance or disappearance of optical bistability (OB) or optical multistability (OM) by adjusting the relative phase of three coherent fields, the coupling field intensity, as well as the frequency detunings of the probe field and the control field. In addition, we discuss in detail the influences of the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized component intensity of the control field on the behaviors of OB and OM. Our investigation may be used to build more efficient logic-gate devices to realize an all-optic switching process.
Abstract We investigate the behavior of optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) based on quantum coherence in a Landau-quantized graphene structure. Such a tunable four-level system is driven coherently by two coherent fields and an incoherent pumping field inside the unidirectional ring cavity. The influence of system parameters on the threshold of the onset of OB and OM is studied. It is found that one can efficiently control the OB/OM threshold intensity and the hysteresis loop by using the system parameters. The results obtained may be used in real experiments for the development of new types of nanoelectronic devices for realizing an all-optical switching process.
Electrons in graphene nanoribbons can lead to exceptionally strong optical responses in the infrared and terahertz regions owing to their unusual dispersion relation. Therefore, on the basis of quantum optics and solid-material scientific principles, we show that optical bistability and multistability can be generated in graphene nanostructure under strong magnetic field. We also show that by adjusting the intensity and detuning of infrared laser field, the threshold intensity and hysteresis loop can be manipulated efficiently. The effects of the electronic cooperation parameter which are directly proportional to the electronic number density and the length of the graphene sample are discussed. Our proposed model may be useful for the nextgeneration all-optical systems and information processing based on nano scale devices.
Abstract In this letter, the phase control of optical bistability and multistability in a ring cavity doped with a four-level graphene nanostructure in infrared regions are discussed. Due to the unusual dispersion relation in graphene nanoribbons, electrons can lead to an exceptionally strong optical response in the infrared and terahertz regions. We show that by adjusting the intensities and relative phase of infrared laser fields, the threshold intensity and hysteresis loop can be manipulated efficiently. The effect of the electronic cooperation parameter, which is directly proportional to the electron concentration and the length of the graphene sample, is also discussed. Our proposed model may be useful for the next generation of all-optical systems and information processing in nanoscale devices.
Hybrid nanoplasmonic systems can provide a promising platform of potential nonlinear applications due to the enhancement of optical fields near their surfaces in addition to the control of strong light-matter interactions they can afford. We theoretically investigated the optical multistability of a probe field that circulated along a unidirectional ring cavity containing a metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisk-quantum dot hybrid system; the quantum dot was modeled as a three-level atomic system of Lambda configuration interacting with probe and control fields in the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum. We show that the threshold and degree of multistability can be controlled by the geometry of the setup, the size of metal nanoparticles, the carrier mobility in the graphene nanodisk and the detunings of probe and control fields. We found that under electromagnetically-induced transparency conditions the system exhibits enhanced optical multistability with an ultralow threshold in the case of two-photon resonance with high carrier mobility in the graphene nanodisk. Moreover, we calculated the limits of the controllable parameters within which the switching between optical multistability and bistability can occur. We show that our proposed hybrid plasmonic system can be useful for efficient all-optical switches and logic-gate elements for quantum computing and quantum information processing.
Abstract In this letter, controllable optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) in a defect slab doped with a single-layer graphene nanostructure are proposed. Our numerical results show that it is easy to control OB by Rabi frequencies of coupling fields, detuning of coherent fields, and relative phase of applied fields. Moreover, the thickness effect of the slab is considered as a new parameter for controlling the OB behaviors. It is found that the transition from OB to OM or vice versa can be made possible by the thickness of the slab and relative phase of the applied fields. We hope that our results will have potential applications in quantum information science and technology based nanoscale devices.