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Entangled imaging in the large photon number regime

A. Gatti, E. Brambilla, Morten Bache, LUGIATO, LUIGI

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We formulate a theory for entangled imaging that includes the case of a large number of photons in \nthe two entangled beams. We show that the results for imaging and the wave–particle duality features, which \nhave been demonstrated in the microscopic case, persist in the macroscopic domain. Although the visibility of \nthe information retrieved via correlation measurements in the regime of a high number of photons is lower than \nin the coincidence counting regime, we show that efficient reconstruction of both the image and the diffraction \npattern of an object is possible

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We formulate a theory for entangled imaging that includes the case of a large number of photons in \nthe two entangled beams. We show that the results for imaging and the wave–particle duality features, which \nhave been demonstrated in the microscopic case, persist in the macroscopic domain. Although the visibility of \nthe information retrieved via correlation measurements in the regime of a high number of photons is lower than \nin the coincidence counting regime, we show that efficient reconstruction of both the image and the diffraction \npattern of an object is possible
We formulate a theory for entangled imaging, which includes also the case of a large number of photons in the two entangled beams. We show that the results for imaging and the wave-particle duality features, which have been demonstrated in the microscopic case, persist in the macroscopic domain. Although the visibility of the information retrieved via correlation measurements in the regime of high photon number is lower than in the coincidence counting regime, we show that efficient reconstruction of both the image and the diffraction pattern of an object is possible.
Coincidence, or ghost, imaging is a technique that uses two correlated optical fields to form an image of an object. In this work we identify aspects of coincidence imaging which can be performed with classically correlated light sources and aspects which require quantum entanglement. We find that entangled photons allow high-contrast, high-resolution imaging to be performed at any distance from the light source. We demonstrate this fact by forming ghost images in the near and far fields of an entangled photon source, noting that the product of the resolutions of these images is a factor of 3 better than that which is allowed by classical diffraction theory.
Entangled photons have the remarkable ability to be more sensitive to signal and less sensitive to noise than classical light. Joint photons can sample an object collectively, resulting in faster phase accumulation and higher spatial resolution, while common components of noise can be subtracted. Even more, they can accomplish this while physically separate, due to the nonlocal properties of quantum mechanics. Indeed, nearly all quantum optics experiments rely on this separation, using individual point detectors that are scanned to measure coincidence counts and correlations. Scanning, however, is tedious, time consuming, and ill-suited for imaging. Moreover, the separation of beam paths adds complexity to the system while reducing the number of photons available for sampling, and the multiplicity of detectors does not scale well for greater numbers of photons and higher orders of entanglement. We bypass all of these problems here by directly imaging collinear photon pairs with an electron-multiplying CCD camera. We show explicitly the benefits of quantum nonlocality by engineering the spatial entanglement of the illuminating photons and introduce a new method of correlation measurement by converting time-domain coincidence counting into spatial-domain detection of selected pixels. We show that classical transport-of-intensity methods are applicable in the quantum domain and experimentally demonstrate nearly optimal (Heisenberg-limited) phase measurement for the given quantum illumination. The methods show the power of direct imaging and hold much potential for more general types of quantum information processing and control.