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Quantum Mechanics Foundation in Dual 4-Dimensional Space-Time —Space-Time Origins of Quantum Probability

Guoqiu Zhao

Published Jan 1, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This book “Foundation of quantum mechanics in Dual 4-dimension space-time——The spacetime origin of quantum probability,” is a new exploration discussing the physical foundations of quantum mechanics. It contains two parts. One is the interactive realism, the other is the quantum mechanical description of the dual-4 dimensional spacetime. The first one is the philosophical basis of the second. The author thought that the conventional mass-point model is no long proper for the microscopic quantum world. The author used the movement of the rotating matter wave sphere in complex space to deduce the de Broglie matter-wave formula, and pulled the metaphysical hypothesis of the wave function back into the real physical realism. A matte wave is the physical wave, and it has potential applications. The matter wave transfers in the dual-4 dimensional complex space-time, and the complex number enters the cognition domain of space-time intrinsically. The author pointed out that, the state of a moving microscopic object is the combination of its eigen-states from quantum slicing, coherent hence; after quantum measurement, projected into the real 4-dimensional space-time and showing a probability distribution of point particles. Before and after the quantum measurement, the object is not in the same cognition level, nor the same physical space-time, and the Hilbert space is just their common math application space. The quantum measurement induces the transition of the microscopic object in space-time, manifestation, physical model, and theoretical structure, and the quantum probability comes from the space distribution of the field matter sphere, representing the transition from dual-4 complex to real 4-dimensional space-time, and the sphere to the point model. Physical phenomena, phenomenal entity, physical space-time, physical model, and theoretical structure all must consist intrinsically in logic. These are changing with the change of human cognition, embodying the unity of the human being and the nature. Dual-4 dimensional space-time quantum mechanics gives the wave function the physical realism. So, the concepts of the quantum entanglement, quantum communication and quantum teleportation all may be clarified and understood physically. The book is self-consistent with detailed justification, wherein the interactive realism concept is a new innovation.

DOI
10.4236/9781618962409

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This book “Foundation of quantum mechanics in Dual 4-dimension space-time——The spacetime origin of quantum probability,” is a new exploration discussing the physical foundations of quantum mechanics. It contains two parts. One is the interactive realism, the other is the quantum mechanical description of the dual-4 dimensional spacetime. The first one is the philosophical basis of the second. The author thought that the conventional mass-point model is no long proper for the microscopic quantum world. The author used the movement of the rotating matter wave sphere in complex space to deduce the de Broglie matter-wave formula, and pulled the metaphysical hypothesis of the wave function back into the real physical realism. A matte wave is the physical wave, and it has potential applications. The matter wave transfers in the dual-4 dimensional complex space-time, and the complex number enters the cognition domain of space-time intrinsically. The author pointed out that, the state of a moving microscopic object is the combination of its eigen-states from quantum slicing, coherent hence; after quantum measurement, projected into the real 4-dimensional space-time and showing a probability distribution of point particles. Before and after the quantum measurement, the object is not in the same cognition level, nor the same physical space-time, and the Hilbert space is just their common math application space. The quantum measurement induces the transition of the microscopic object in space-time, manifestation, physical model, and theoretical structure, and the quantum probability comes from the space distribution of the field matter sphere, representing the transition from dual-4 complex to real 4-dimensional space-time, and the sphere to the point model. Physical phenomena, phenomenal entity, physical space-time, physical model, and theoretical structure all must consist intrinsically in logic. These are changing with the change of human cognition, embodying the unity of the human being and the nature. Dual-4 dimensional space-time quantum mechanics gives the wave function the physical realism. So, the concepts of the quantum entanglement, quantum communication and quantum teleportation all may be clarified and understood physically. The book is self-consistent with detailed justification, wherein the interactive realism concept is a new innovation.
Microscopic objects have some spatial distribution, which influences quantum phenomena. The particle model does not apply to the microworld. In this work, we use a rotating field matter sphere model. The size of the sphere change along with the movement state, harmonized with special relativity. Thus, we independently construct a dual 4-dimensional space-time to describe the microscopic quantum phenomenon and established the objective reality of plural description, which has obvious theoretical advantages. In the dual 4-dimensional space-time, the wave function describes matter waves as physical waves. Which is the physical basis of quantum communication. Quantum probability originates from the tangible structure and matter density distribution of the microscopic objects and is reflected in the transformation of space-time. Matter waves and probability waves can be transformed by using Fourier transformation. Keywords: field matter sphere; model; matter wave; quantum probability; origin; transformation
Micro-object is both particle and wave, so the traditional Particle Model (mass point model) is actually not applicable for it. Here to describe its motion, we expand the definition of time and space and pick up the spatial degrees of freedom hidden by particle model. We say that micro-object is like a rolling field-matter-ball, which has four degrees of freedom including one surface curvature degree and three mapping degrees in the three-dimensional phenomenal space. All the degrees are described by four curvature coordinate components, namely “k1, k2, k3, k4”, which form the imaginary part of a complex phase space, respectively. While as to the real part, we use “x1, x2, x3, x4” to describe the micro object’s position in our real space. Consequently, we build a Dual 4-dimensional complex phase space whose imaginary part is 4-dimension k space and real part is 4-dimension x space to describe the micro-object’s motion. Furthermore, we say that wave function can describe the information of a field-matter-ball’s rotation & motion and also matter-wave can spread the information of micro-object’s spatial structure & density distribution. Matter-wave and probability-wave can transform to each other though matter-wave is a physical wave. The non-point property is the foundational source of the probability in Quantum Mechanics.
Spin is the inherent attribute of the micro-object. Micro-object can be understood as a rotating matter ball which is limited in a certain spatial distribution that can not be appropriately abstracted as a particle in the mi- cro-environment. The rotation frequency is defined by Eh   , radius of curvature is defined by R   p . Mi- cro-object exists in the dual 4-dimensional complex space-time. The rotation and movement of the micro-object gener- ate matter waves. Information of space structure and matter field density distribution of the micro-object can be propa- gated by matter waves. The establishment of complex space-time curvature coordinate is a geometric matter of mi- cro-object itself (geometry of matter). Matter waves are real. Matter field density distribution and probability distribu- tion of micro-object can be mutual mapped, micro-object can not be appropriately abstracted as a particle and its rotat- ing and vibration are the physical source of micro-object probability event in quantum measurement.
This study presents a theory with a six-dimensional space-time structure, , in order to describe microscopic phenomena, the time arrow and complex phenomena of the quantum world. The interpretation of quantum world phenomena using four-dimensional space-time would be a very complicated and indescribable task. The dual wave-particle behavior, entanglement, quantum corridors, etc., represent the complex space-time structure. Previous studies indicate that complicated behaviors of particles in quantum mechanics are basically considered as the natural behavior of those particles. The theoretical framework of the nature of time is the transformation of imaginary dimensions into geometric dimensions and the description of quantum mechanical phenomena using external Euclidean geometry. The six-dimensional space-time structure consists of three space and three time dimensions, , and the time arrow is the result of the impossibility of the existence of matter in six space-time dimensions, and the direction of the arrow is aligned with the expansion of the universe.
The possibility that quantum mechanics is foundationally the same as classical theories in explaining phenomena in space and time is postulated. Such a view is motivated by interpreting the experimental violation of Bell inequalities as resulting from questions of geometry and algebraic representation of variables, and thereby the structure of space, rather than realism or locality. While time remains Euclidean in the proposed new structure, space is described by Projective geometry. A dual geometry facilitates description of a physically real quantum particle trajectory. Implications for the physical basis of Bohmian mechanics is briefly examined, and found that the hidden variables pilot-wave model is local. Conceptually, the consequence of this proposal is that quantum mechanics has common ground with relativity as ultimately geometrical. This permits the derivation of physically meaningful quantum Lorentz transformations. Departure from classical notions of measurability is discussed.
Conventional relativity places four-dimensional spacetime connected by Lorentz transformations, and fourdimensional spacetime curved by gravity, at the foundation of physical spacetime, whereas quantum mechanics places Hilbert space at the foundation of state description. As long as these two structures are simultaneously treated as fundamental realities, relativistic quantum theory and quantum gravity must begin with the problem of how a dynamically curved spacetime is to be quantized and made consistent with Hilbert-space states. Nakaza New Relativity Theory (NNRT) changes this very point of departure. NNRT takes universal time and universal three-dimensional space as physical spacetime and connects the real motions of all inertial systems by the Galilean Transformation (GT), while relocating the Lorentz transformation, time dilation, length contraction, and the gravitational metric to the observational and measurement layer obtained through electromagnetic phase. The successful mathematics and experimental values of conventional relativity are therefore retained, but the ontology in which curved and deformable four-dimensional spacetime is the unique physical spacetime is not retained. This paper uses NNRT as a new entry into quantum mechanics and repositions Hilbert space not as physical space, but as a mathematical representation space that preserves states, phases, probabilities, and correlations. Using the atomic clock as a concrete example, the paper further presents a continuous observational chain in which quantum levels generate a frequency scale and the resulting phase signal is compared between systems through relative motion and gravitational fields. Accordingly, the conventional entry point—how to quantize a physically real curved four-dimensional spacetime and incorporate it into Hilbert space—loses its premise within NNRT, and quantum theory and relativity are reconstructed as distinct representational and observational structures arising from a common universal physical spacetime. Schrödinger’s cat, EPR/Bell correlations, time dilation, length contraction, the twin problem, and the reification of the gravitational metric can then be organized as manifestations of a common ontological operation: identifying a mathematical representation with physical reality itself. The significance of this paper is therefore not to add another interpretation alongside conventional relativity, but to absorb its successful mathematics into the observational layer of NNRT and, by turning the ontological point of departure, to provide a new formulation of foundational problems that includes quantum mechanics.