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International Kharkiv Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves

Quantum Radar vs Noise Radar

Konstantin Alexandrovich Lukin

Published Jun 1, 2016• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Preliminary results of the comparative analysis of Quantum Radar (QR) based upon quantum entanglement phenomenon and Noise Radar (NR) based upon classical coherence notion and correlation processing of random signals are presented in the paper. It has been shown that the basic idea of entangled multi-photon QR for simultaneous implementing of high penetrating ability of the entangled photons and high spatial resolution performance does not work because of decay of entangled state of the transmitted photons when they hits a wall, for example. QR operation abilities may be described in terms of classical physics. In addition, the multi-photon QR has been modeled by means of classically phase locked multi-frequency signals (regular and chaotic). Results of computer simulation of basic properties for such radar are presented.

DOI
10.1109/msmw.2016.7538137

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This paper presents the advantages and limitations of a quantum radar system. The use of entangled photons to interrogate a region of space where a target is supposed to be, gives a lower probability of error than using a classical signal. This is possible because of the extra information that the quantum entanglement property can give us. This information helps us to distinguish between the signal reflected from the target and the background noise. Finally, through simulations, it is shown that the actual advantage of the quantum radar is the ability to detect a target in a high-losses and high-noise environment using a weak signal.
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of two classes of quantum radars, including quantum direct-detection and quantum-entangled noise radars. In the first case, inspired by the well-established concept of single-photon LiDARs, we investigated the performance of single-photon radars, in which state-of-the-art single microwave-photon detectors are employed to enhance the detection sensitivity and enable the detection of weaker signals. We derived analytical expressions for the maximum detection range of both classes of quantum radars in terms of the Lambert W function, by considering all relevant system, target, and environmental parameters. Our formulation facilitates direct comparison of noise radars with direct-detection radars and suggests that a quantum-entangled noise radar can be regarded as an enhanced direct-detection radar with an effective threshold signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, we applied this framework to classical-correlated noise radars and defined the parameter range enhancement factor (REF) to quantify the superiority of quantum-entangled noise radars over their classical counterparts. Moreover, we introduced a rule-of-thumb for approximating the REF. We also examined the influence of limitations imposed by various microwave detection technologies. Our analysis shows that the conventional antennas limit the potential benefits of quantum-entangled noise radar systems. We also demonstrated that the optimal detection method for these radars is a microwave detector based on a quantum transducer combined with a single optical-photon detector. We showed that, with the current technology, implementing a quantum-entangled noise radar with the maximum detection range on the order of few kilometers is possible. Finally, we explored the potential applications of quantum-entangled noise radars.