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Oxford University Press eBooks

The spontaneous emission of radiation

Alan Corney

Published Oct 5, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211456.003.0004

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Spontaneous emission plays a fundamental role in all radiative processes. It limits the lifetime of excited atoms, causing basic uncertainty in their energies. It sets the scale for absorption and stimulated emission, providing a natural scale for the coupling of matter and radiation. It is the ultimate source of noise in nature. Spontaneous emission is such a ubiquitous process that its occurrence is generally taken for granted. In principle, however, spontaneous emission can be altered, either enhanced or inhibited, allowing one to modify primary radiative processes. Experimental techniques are available for realizing these possibilities, and a new area of radiative phenomena is opening for study.
A general analysis of spontaneous emission in the vicinity of a symmetric slab dielectric waveguide is presented using explicit energy-normalized functions for the complete set of bound and radiating TE and TM modes. Expressions for the spontaneous emission rates are derived for each mode type, and calculated results are presented illustrating the emission behavior as a function of the position of the radiating atom, for various slab waveguides. The model is used to analyze the spontaneous emission coupling efficiency to guided modes in planar erbium-doped amplifier structures. Spontaneous emission factors for the TE and TM modes are calculated for the cases of erbium doping of the core and of the cladding.>
Ever since Einstein demonstrated that spontaneous emission must occur if matter and radiation are to achieve thermal equilibrium, physicists have generally believed that excited atoms inevitably radiate. Spontaneous emission is so fundamental that it is usually regarded as an inherent property of matter. This view, however, overlooks the fact that spontaneous emission is not a property of an isolated atom but of an atom-vacuum system. The most distinctive feature of such emission, irreversibility, comes about because an infinity of vacuum states is available to the radiated photon. If these states are modified—for instance, by placing the excited atom between mirrors or in a cavity—spontaneous emission can be greatly inhibited or enhanced.