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Applied Physics Letters

The effect of losses on the quantum-noise cancellation in the SU(1,1) interferometer

Jun Xin, Hailong Wang, Jietai Jing

Published Aug 1, 2016• 37 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum-noise cancellation (QNC) is an effective method to control the noise of the quantum system, which reduces or even eliminates the noise of the quantum systems by utilizing destructive interference in the quantum system. However, QNC can be extremely dependent on the losses inside the system. In this letter, we experimentally and theoretically study how the losses can affect the QNC in the SU(1,1) interferometer. We find that losses in the different arms inside the SU(1,1) interferometer can have different effects on the QNC in the output fields from the SU(1,1) interferometer. And the QNC in the SU(1,1) interferometer can almost be insensitive to the losses in some cases. Our findings may find its potential applications in the quantum noise control.

DOI
10.1063/1.4960585

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Quantum-noise cancellation (QNC) is an effective method to control the noise of the quantum system, which reduces or even eliminates the noise of the quantum systems by utilizing destructive interference in the quantum system. However, QNC can be extremely dependent on the losses inside the system. In this letter, we experimentally and theoretically study how the losses can affect the QNC in the SU(1,1) interferometer. We find that losses in the different arms inside the SU(1,1) interferometer can have different effects on the QNC in the output fields from the SU(1,1) interferometer. And the QNC in the SU(1,1) interferometer can almost be insensitive to the losses in some cases. Our findings may find its potential applications in the quantum noise control.
We study the effect of losses on the phase sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interferometer for different configurations. We find that this type of interferometer is robust against losses that result from an inefficient detection system. This type of loss only introduces an overall prefactor to the sensitivity but does not change the 1/n1/n1/n scaling, where nnn is the average number of particles inside the interferometer, characteristic of the Heisenberg limit. In addition, we show that under some conditions the SU(1,1) interferometer with coherent state inputs is also robust against internal losses. These results show that the SU(1,1) interferometer is a viable candidate for experimentally reaching the Heisenberg limit with current technology. Possible implementations of this interferometer using four-wave mixing in atomic vapors or an atom interferometer in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate are compared.
Quantum interferometers are able to improve the sensitivity of classical interferometers beyond the shot-noise limit. This is done by employing squeezed states of light and destructive interference of the noise in the system. We developed a quantum SU(1,1) interferometer in the time domain. Our nonlinear quantum interferometer creates interference of the input signals at different times and frequencies. We can control the time and frequency differences for investigating the full temporal and spectral structure of the signal. This quantum interferometer can be utilized for sensing ultrafast phase changes, quantum imaging, temporal mode encoding, and studying the temporal structure of entangled photons.
Absolute sensitivity is measured for the phase measurement in an SU(1,1) type interferometer, and the results are compared to that of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer operated under the condition of the same intra-interferometer intensity. The interferometer is phase locked to a point with the largest quantum noise cancellation, and a simulated phase modulation is added in one arm of the SU(1,1) interferometer. Both the signal and noise level are estimated at the same frequency range, and we obtained 3 dB improvement in sensitivity for the SU(1,1) interferometer over the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Our results demonstrate a direct phase estimation and may pave the way for practical applications of a nonlinear interferometer.
Abstract The success of quantum technologies is intimately connected to the possibility of using them in real-world applications. This requires the system to be comprehensively modeled including various relevant experimental parameters. To this aim, in this paper, we study the performance of lossy SU(1,1) interferometers in the single-photon pair regime, posing particular attention to the different amount of information contained in the measurement of single counts and of coincidences at the output of the interferometer. To this aim, we derive the classical Fisher information (FI) of both single and coincidence events, and study it as a function of the internal and external losses of the system. Our analysis shows that, in the absence of external losses, the FI of the coincidence events is always higher or equal than the one of single events. On the other hand, in the presence of external losses, the FI of the singles can increase above the one of the coincidences. Moreover, our analysis shows that coincidence measurement can be exploited to partially mitigate the effect of internal losses in the absence of external losses. Finally, comparing SU(1,1) and classical SU(2) interferometers, we find that the former can outperform the classical systems when the internal losses are above 50%.
Abstract We theoretically study the phase sensitivities of two different phase-shift configurations in an SU(1,1) interferometer with coherent ⊗ squeezed vacuum states. According to quantum Cramér-Rao theorem, we analytically obtain the ultimate phase sensitivities for two types of phase shift accumulating in one- and two-arm. Compared with the case of one-arm phase shift, the model with phase shift encoding in both arms may provide a better sensitivity when the strength of squeezed vacuum state is large enough. Furthermore, we discuss the achievable sensitivities with the homodyne measurement by invoking of error-propagation formula. In addition, we study the effect of internal and outernal photon losses on the phase sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interferometer and find that the unbalanced interferometer is helpful to improve precision even with high external losses .
Interferometers are highly sensitive to phase differences and are utilized in numerous schemes. Quantum interferometers are able to improve the sensitivity of classical interferometers beyond the shot-noise limit. This is done by employing squeezed states of light and destructive interference of the noise in the system. We developed a quantum SU(1,1) interferometer in the time domain. Our nonlinear quantum interferometer creates interference of the input signals at different times and frequencies. We can control the time and frequency differences for investigating the full temporal and spectral structure of the signal. This quantum interferometer can be utilized for sensing ultrafast phase changes, quantum imaging, temporal mode encoding, and studying the temporal structure of entangled photons.