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Vacuum Cavity-Assisted Generation of Entangled Photon Pairs Using the Biexciton Cascade in a Quantum Dot

Pei Pei, Yanqing Guo, He‐Shan Song

Published Jan 23, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an alternative method to generate entangled photon pairs using the biexciton cascade in a semiconductor quantum dot assisted by the vacuum planer crystal cavity. The tunable system of a quantum dot coupled with the cavity plus a planer crystal waveguide are integrated into an experimental achievable on-chip device. With specific conditions satisfied, the effect Hamiltonian of the system is investigated. Benefited from the elimination of the exciton states, the advantage that the complete avoidance of the detrimental effect of fine-structure splitting is demonstrated. The method indicates a promising photon source for quantum information application.

DOI
10.1109/icnisc.2015.14

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We compute the concurrence of the polarization-entangled photon pairs generated by the biexciton cascade decay of a semiconductor quantum dot. We show how a cavity-induced increase of the photon emission rate reduces the effect of dot dephasing and excitonic fine structure on the concurrence. However, strong dot-cavity couplings, as well as low detection efficiencies, increase the detrimental effect of multiple cascades. This affects the merits of the entangled photon-pair source, beyond what is estimated by quantum tomography.
We present a scheme for the fast cavity-assisted generation of entangled photon pairs from a single quantum dot coupled to a planar photonic crystal that support two orthogonally polarized cavity modes. We discuss ``within generation'' and ``across generation'' of entangled photons when both the biexciton to exciton, and the exciton to ground-state transitions, are coupled through cavity modes. In the across generation, the photon entanglement is restored through a time delay between the photons. The concurrence, which is a measure of the entanglement between two photons, is greater than 0.7 and 0.8 using experimentally achievable parameters in across generation and within generation, respectively. We also show that the entanglement can be distilled in both cases using a simple spectral filter.
We study the quantum properties and statistics of photons emitted by a quantum-dot biexciton inside a cavity. In the biexciton-exciton cascade, fine-structure splitting between exciton levels degrades polarization-entanglement for the emitted pair of photons. However, here we show that the polarization-entanglement can be preserved in such a system through simultaneous emission of two degenerate photons into cavity modes tuned to half the biexciton energy. Based on detailed theoretical calculations for realistic quantum-dot and cavity parameters, we quantify the degree of achievable entanglement.
The biexciton cascade process in self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) provides an ideal system for realizing deterministic entangled photon-pair sources, which are essential to quantum information science. The entangled photon pairs have recently been generated in experiments after eliminating the fine-structure splitting (FSS) of excitons using a number of different methods. Thus far, however, QD-based sources of entangled photons have not been scalable because the wavelengths of QDs differ from dot to dot. Here, we propose a wavelength-tunable entangled photon emitter mounted on a three-dimensional stressor, in which the FSS and exciton energy can be tuned independently, thereby enabling photon entanglement between dissimilar QDs. We confirm these results via atomistic pseudopotential calculations. This provides a first step towards future realization of scalable entangled photon generators for quantum information applications.
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We present a formal theory of single quantum dot coupling to a planar photonic crystal that supports quasidegenerate cavity modes and use this theory to describe and optimize entangled-photon pair generation via the biexciton-exciton cascade. In the generated photon pairs, either both photons are spontaneously emitted from the dot or one photon is emitted from the biexciton spontaneously while the other is emitted via the leaky cavity mode. In the strong-coupling regime, the generated photon pairs can be maximally entangled in qualitative agreement with the dressed-state predictions of Johne et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 240404 (2008)]. We derive useful analytical formulas for the spectrum of the emitted photon pairs in the presence of exciton and biexciton broadening, which is necessary to connect to realistic experiments and demonstrate the important differences with the approximate dressed-state approach. We also present a method for calculating and optimizing the entanglement between the emitted photons, which can account for postsample spectral filtering. Pronounced entanglement values of greater than 80% are demonstrated using experimentally achievable parameters even without spectral filtering.