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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

A High Sensitive Atomic Co-magnetometer for Rotation Rate Measurement Based on K-Rb-21Ne

Yao Chen, Sheng Zou, Wei Quan, Yan Lü, Ming Ding, Jiancheng Fang

Published May 27, 2016• 0 citations
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Rotation Measurement with a K-Rb- 21 Ne Atomic Spin Co-magnetometer Gyroscope

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Spin exchange broadening of magnetic resonance lines in a high-sensitivity rotating K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer

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Abstract Atomic co-magnetometers can be utilized for high-precision angular velocity sensing or fundamental physics tests. The sensitivity of a co-magnetometer determines the angle random walk of an angular velocity sensor and the detection limit for a fundamental physics test. A high-sensitivity K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer, which is utilized for angular velocity sensing, is presented in this paper. A new type of spin relaxation of Rb atom spins, which can broaden the zero-field magnetic resonance lines of the co-magnetometer, is discovered. Further studies show that the spin relaxation of Rb atoms is caused by a high Rb electron magnetization field. With this discovery, the total relaxation rate of Rb atoms is optimized to improve the sensitivity of the co-magnetometer. Moreover, its sensitivity is optimized by suppressing various noises. Especially, to suppress laser-related noises, the co-magnetometer is designed such that the sensitive axis of the co-magnetometer can be fixed to the direction in which the projection input of the earth’s rotation is 0. This is called a rotating co-magnetometer. A magnetic field sensitivity of 1.0 fT/Hz−1/2@5 Hz, which is equal to an angular velocity sensitivity of 2.1 × 10−8 rad s−1 Hz−1/2@5 Hz, is demonstrated using a spherical vapour cell with a diameter of 14 mm.

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Polarization and fundamental sensitivity of $^{\text{39}}$K ($^{\text{133}}$Cs)-$^{\text{85}}$Rb-$^{\text{21}}$Ne co-magnetometers

Jianhua Liu, Dong-Yang Jing, Lin Zhuang +3 more

The hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free (HOPSERF) atomic co-magnetometers make ultrahigh sensitivity measurement of inertia achievable. The wall relaxation rate has a big effect on the polarization and fundamental sensitivity for the co-magnetometer, but it is often neglected in the experiments. However, there is almost no work about the systematic analysis of the influence factors on the polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of the HOPSERF co-magnetometers. Here, we systematically study the polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of 39K-85Rb-21Ne and 133Cs-85Rb-21Ne HOPSERF co-magnetometers with low polarization limit and the wall relaxation rate. The 21Ne number density, the power density and wavelength of pump beam will affect the polarization greatly by affecting the pumping rate of pump beam. We obtain a general formula on the fundamental sensitivity of the HOPSERF co-magnetometers due to shot-noise and the fundamental sensitivity changes with multiple systemic parameters, where the suitable number density of buffer gas and quench gas make the fundamental sensitivity highest. The fundamental sensitivity $7.5355\times10^{-11}$ $\rm rad/s/Hz^{1/2}$ of 133Cs-85Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer is higher than the ultimate theoretical sensitivity $2\times10^{-10}$ $\rm rad/s/Hz^{1/2}$ of K-21Ne co-magnetometer.

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The polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of $^{39}$K ($^{133}$Cs)-$^{85}$Rb-$^{21}$Ne co-magnetometer

Jianhua Liu, Dong-Yang Jing, Lin Zhuang +3 more

We have studied the polarization of the 85Rb and the fundamental sensitivity of two types of hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) co-magnetometers based on 39K-85Rb-21Ne and 133Cs-85Rb-21Ne with taking the wall relaxation rate into account,which has a big effect on the polarization and fundamental sensitivity,but it is often neglected in the experiments,respectively.The polarization of the 85Rb varies with the thirteen systemic parameters: the number density of buffer gas 21Ne and quench gas N2,frequency rate of pump beam,cell temperature,the photon number flux,mole fraction of 85Rb,cell effective radius,pump beam spot radius,power density of pump beam,input rotation velocity in the x and y direction,external magnetic field in the y and z direction,respectively.The number density of the 21Ne,photon number flux,pump beam spot radius and frequency rate will affect the polarization of the 85Rb greatly by affecting the the pumping rate of pump beam,a magnetic field produced by 85Rb atom spins and experienced by the 21Ne spins.We obtain a general formula on the fundamental sensitivity of the hybrid optical pumping SERF co-magnetometers due to shot-noise,where the fundamental sensitivity varies with the twelve systemic parameters: the number density of buffer gas and quench gas,frequency rate of pump beam,photon number flux,mole fraction of 85Rb,cell effective radius,pump beam spot radius,power density of pump beam,external magnetic field,measurement volume,cell temperature and measurement time.The highest fundamental sensitivity $7.5878\times10^{-11}$ $rad/s/Hz^{1/2}$ of 133Cs-85Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer is higher than the ultimate theoretical sensitivity $2\times10^{-10}$ $rad/s/Hz^{1/2}$ of K-21Ne co-magnetometer.The fundamental sensitivity limit of the hybrid optical pumping SERF co-magnetometers is superior to $3.7334\times10^{-12}$ $rad/s/Hz^{1/2}$.

•Nov 5, 2018•0 citations

A Rb-magnetometer for a wide range and high sensitivity

Werner D. Farr, Ernst Wilhelm Otten

Applied Physics A•May 1, 1974•26 citations
Abstract Atomic co-magnetometers can be utilized for high-precision angular velocity sensing or fundamental physics tests. The sensitivity of a co-magnetometer determines the angle random walk of an angular velocity sensor and the detection limit for a fundamental physics test. A high-sensitivity K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer, which is utilized for angular velocity sensing, is presented in this paper. A new type of spin relaxation of Rb atom spins, which can broaden the zero-field magnetic resonance lines of the co-magnetometer, is discovered. Further studies show that the spin relaxation of Rb atoms is caused by a high Rb electron magnetization field. With this discovery, the total relaxation rate of Rb atoms is optimized to improve the sensitivity of the co-magnetometer. Moreover, its sensitivity is optimized by suppressing various noises. Especially, to suppress laser-related noises, the co-magnetometer is designed such that the sensitive axis of the co-magnetometer can be fixed to the direction in which the projection input of the earth’s rotation is 0. This is called a rotating co-magnetometer. A magnetic field sensitivity of 1.0 fT/Hz−1/2@5 Hz, which is equal to an angular velocity sensitivity of 2.1 × 10−8 rad s−1 Hz−1/2@5 Hz, is demonstrated using a spherical vapour cell with a diameter of 14 mm.
Polarization and fundamental sensitivity of 39^{\text{39}}39K (133^{\text{133}}133Cs)-85^{\text{85}}85Rb-21^{\text{21}}21Ne co-magnetometers
The hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free (HOPSERF) atomic co-magnetometers make ultrahigh sensitivity measurement of inertia achievable. The wall relaxation rate has a big effect on the polarization and fundamental sensitivity for the co-magnetometer, but it is often neglected in the experiments. However, there is almost no work about the systematic analysis of the influence factors on the polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of the HOPSERF co-magnetometers. Here, we systematically study the polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of 39K-85Rb-21Ne and 133Cs-85Rb-21Ne HOPSERF co-magnetometers with low polarization limit and the wall relaxation rate. The 21Ne number density, the power density and wavelength of pump beam will affect the polarization greatly by affecting the pumping rate of pump beam. We obtain a general formula on the fundamental sensitivity of the HOPSERF co-magnetometers due to shot-noise and the fundamental sensitivity changes with multiple systemic parameters, where the suitable number density of buffer gas and quench gas make the fundamental sensitivity highest. The fundamental sensitivity 7.5355×10−117.5355\times10^{-11}7.5355×10−11 rad/s/Hz1/2\rm rad/s/Hz^{1/2}rad/s/Hz1/2 of 133Cs-85Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer is higher than the ultimate theoretical sensitivity 2×10−102\times10^{-10}2×10−10 rad/s/Hz1/2\rm rad/s/Hz^{1/2}rad/s/Hz1/2 of K-21Ne co-magnetometer.
The polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of 39^{39}39K (133^{133}133Cs)-85^{85}85Rb-21^{21}21Ne co-magnetometer
We have studied the polarization of the 85Rb and the fundamental sensitivity of two types of hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) co-magnetometers based on 39K-85Rb-21Ne and 133Cs-85Rb-21Ne with taking the wall relaxation rate into account,which has a big effect on the polarization and fundamental sensitivity,but it is often neglected in the experiments,respectively.The polarization of the 85Rb varies with the thirteen systemic parameters: the number density of buffer gas 21Ne and quench gas N2,frequency rate of pump beam,cell temperature,the photon number flux,mole fraction of 85Rb,cell effective radius,pump beam spot radius,power density of pump beam,input rotation velocity in the x and y direction,external magnetic field in the y and z direction,respectively.The number density of the 21Ne,photon number flux,pump beam spot radius and frequency rate will affect the polarization of the 85Rb greatly by affecting the the pumping rate of pump beam,a magnetic field produced by 85Rb atom spins and experienced by the 21Ne spins.We obtain a general formula on the fundamental sensitivity of the hybrid optical pumping SERF co-magnetometers due to shot-noise,where the fundamental sensitivity varies with the twelve systemic parameters: the number density of buffer gas and quench gas,frequency rate of pump beam,photon number flux,mole fraction of 85Rb,cell effective radius,pump beam spot radius,power density of pump beam,external magnetic field,measurement volume,cell temperature and measurement time.The highest fundamental sensitivity 7.5878×10−117.5878\times10^{-11}7.5878×10−11 rad/s/Hz1/2rad/s/Hz^{1/2}rad/s/Hz1/2 of 133Cs-85Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer is higher than the ultimate theoretical sensitivity 2×10−102\times10^{-10}2×10−10 rad/s/Hz1/2rad/s/Hz^{1/2}rad/s/Hz1/2 of K-21Ne co-magnetometer.The fundamental sensitivity limit of the hybrid optical pumping SERF co-magnetometers is superior to 3.7334×10−123.7334\times10^{-12}3.7334×10−12 rad/s/Hz1/2rad/s/Hz^{1/2}rad/s/Hz1/2.