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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Near-number state from semiconductor lasers

Wayne H. Richardson, Susumu Machida, Y. Yamamoto

Published May 12, 1991• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A near-number state features strongly sub-Poissonian photon-number fluctuation and, unlike a quadrature squeezed state, the photonnumber noise can approach zero, with a finite average photon number. It is now well established that a beam with a sub-Poissonian photon-number fluctuation can be generated directly from a semiconductor laser,l,2 The basic physical processes are a) quantum mechanical interference between the transmitted internal field and the reflected vacuum field at the output coupler and b) high impedance suppression of the pump noise.

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Physics-Uspekhi•Dec 31, 2007•3 citations
A near-number state features strongly sub-Poissonian photon-number fluctuation and, unlike a quadrature squeezed state, the photonnumber noise can approach zero, with a finite average photon number. It is now well established that a beam with a sub-Poissonian photon-number fluctuation can be generated directly from a semiconductor laser,l,2 The basic physical processes are a) quantum mechanical interference between the transmitted internal field and the reflected vacuum field at the output coupler and b) high impedance suppression of the pump noise.
Intensity squeezed light was successfully generated using semiconductor lasers with sub-Poissonian pumping. Control of the pumping statistics is crucial and is achieved by a large series resistor which regulates the pump current; its sub-Poissonian statistics are then transferred to the laser output. The sub-Poissonian pumping of other laser systems is not so simple, however, and their potential as squeezed states sources is apparently diminished. We consider a conventional laser incoherently pumped well above threshold, and allow for pump depletion of the ground state. In this regime, sub-Poissonian photon statistics and squeezed amplitude fluctuations are produced.
Electromagnetic fields, with the noise on one quadrature component reduced to below the quantum mechanical zero-point fluctuation level and the noise on the other quadrature component enhanced to above it, are currently of great interest in quantum optics because of their potential applications to various precision measurements. Such squeezed states of light are usually produced by imposing nonlinear unitary evolution on coherent (or vacuum) states. On the other hand, squeezed states with reduced photon number noise and enhanced phase noise are generated directly by a constant current-driven semiconductor laser. This is the simplest scheme for the generation of nonclassical light, and so far it has yielded the largest quantum noise reduction. The mutual coupling between a lasing junction and an external electrical circuit provides opportunities for exploring the macroscopic and microscopic quantum effects in open systems.
Generation of nonclassical lights, such as photon-number squeezed states and quadrature-phase squeezed state, is required to realize optical communications and accurate measurements at sub-shot-noise levels. Among a variety of schemes, the direct generation of sub-Poissonian photon fluxes from semiconductor light emitters has been attracting much attention because of the simplicity of experimental arrangement, the low energy consumption, the possibility of a large degree of noise suppression, and the compatibility with modern communication system. In this presentation, we demonstrate the experimental results of generation of sub-Poissonian photon fluxes in an integrated light-emitter/detector system. It is shown that the pump-noise-suppression owing to the macroscopic Coulomb blockade effect can work well even when a superlattice alloylike material is used.
Summary form only given. Among a variety of schemes for nonclassical light generation, the generation of sub-Poissonian photon-states with semiconductor lasers or light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) has been attracting much attention, primarily from engineering point of view. In this talk, we shall present our experimental results, manifesting substantial noise suppression of output photon fluxes below standard quantum limit (SQL) level from a single LED surprisingly without recourse to high-impedance circuit at room temperature. The observed squeezing is interpreted semiquantitatively in terms of our new model including effects of microscopic backward pump process.
Current laser systems have phase and amplitude fluctuations which are partially quantum in origin. The amplitude fluctuations of a highly stabilized laser are shot noise limited, that is they have quantum fluctuations due to the Poissonian fluctuations of photons in a coherent state. These photon number fluctuations have been shown to have an origin in the incoherent pumping mechanism used for standard lasers. It has recently been demonstrated experimentally that by suppressing the amplitude fluctuations of the pump a laser output with reduced amplitude fluctuations is possible. The phase fluctuations in a laser are due to phase diffusion and are substantially above the quantum limit. Techniques to reduce the laser phase fluctuations have been proposed making use of correlated spontaneous emission.
Theoretical and experimental results of investigations into the quantum noise of multimode laser radiation are considered. The feasibility of generating light with a photon-number-squeezed (sub-Poissonian) photon distribution by a multimode laser with a homogeneously broadened line is analyzed. The conditions of noisy and noiseless (regular) pumping are considered. Photon-number fluctuations of the net laser radiation summed over all generated modes are calculated in the approximation of equidistant equal modes, as are photon-number fluctuations in an individual mode inside and outside the resonator. Output-radiation noise spectra and photon-number fluctuations are calculated for solid-state (neodymium glass, Nd:YAG) and semiconductor lasers. Theoretical results are compared with a number of experimental data obtained for semiconductor lasers in recent years.