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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Photon-number squeezing in an integrated light emitter/detector system

Masahide Kobayashi, 竜二 増山, Yutaka Kadoya, M. Yamanishi

Published Jan 20, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Generation of nonclassical lights, such as photon-number squeezed states and quadrature-phase squeezed state, is required to realize optical communications and accurate measurements at sub-shot-noise levels. Among a variety of schemes, the direct generation of sub-Poissonian photon fluxes from semiconductor light emitters has been attracting much attention because of the simplicity of experimental arrangement, the low energy consumption, the possibility of a large degree of noise suppression, and the compatibility with modern communication system. In this presentation, we demonstrate the experimental results of generation of sub-Poissonian photon fluxes in an integrated light-emitter/detector system. It is shown that the pump-noise-suppression owing to the macroscopic Coulomb blockade effect can work well even when a superlattice alloylike material is used.

DOI
10.1109/cleopr.1999.814701

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Generation of nonclassical lights, such as photon-number squeezed states and quadrature-phase squeezed state, is required to realize optical communications and accurate measurements at sub-shot-noise levels. Among a variety of schemes, the direct generation of sub-Poissonian photon fluxes from semiconductor light emitters has been attracting much attention because of the simplicity of experimental arrangement, the low energy consumption, the possibility of a large degree of noise suppression, and the compatibility with modern communication system. In this presentation, we demonstrate the experimental results of generation of sub-Poissonian photon fluxes in an integrated light-emitter/detector system. It is shown that the pump-noise-suppression owing to the macroscopic Coulomb blockade effect can work well even when a superlattice alloylike material is used.
Summary form only given. Among a variety of schemes for nonclassical light generation, the generation of sub-Poissonian photon-states with semiconductor lasers or light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) has been attracting much attention, primarily from engineering point of view. In this talk, we shall present our experimental results, manifesting substantial noise suppression of output photon fluxes below standard quantum limit (SQL) level from a single LED surprisingly without recourse to high-impedance circuit at room temperature. The observed squeezing is interpreted semiquantitatively in terms of our new model including effects of microscopic backward pump process.
The generation of photon-number squeezed states or sub-Poissonian light using semiconductor devices is especially attractive because of its simple experimental configuration, small energy consumption, and the possibility of large amplitude noise reduction by using high quantum efficiency devices. Recently, 3 dB squeezing at liquid nitrogen temperature and 80 MHz (3 dB roll-off bandwidth) squeezing at room temperature were reported by using a light-emitting diode. In this paper, we demonstrate over 200 MHz squeezing at 48 K.
The signal to noise ratio of optical systems is ultimately limited by the shot noise due to the Poissonian statistics of the light field. In recent years there has been a considerable effort to find ways to overcome this limitation by generating non-classical light with sub-shot noise statistics. Several groups have demonstrated non-classical light generation in diode lasers or light emitting diodes, and the amplitude fluctuations have been reduced substantially below the shot noise level [1,2]. However, for phase-sensitive measurements it is necessary to generate the more general quadrature squeezed states. Such quadrature squeezed light can be generated either by second-order or third-order nonlinear processes provided the nonlinear material has very low losses at the optical wavelength. To date, the successful generation schemes for quadrature squeezed light have been restricted to atomic vapours, optical fibres, or second-order nonlinear crystals [3]. The possibility of using the large χ(3) nonlinearities of semiconductors at frequencies below the band gap where the optical absorption is small has been discussed in the literature, but so far there have been no successful experiments [4-6]. In this paper we report measurements on GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As multiple quantum well waveguides and bulk ZnS in the wavelength range 750 - 890nm. Although we measure much larger nonlinearities in the quantum wells, the strong two-photon absorption is detrimental for squeezed light generation. However, in the ZnS where the laser frequency is below the two- photon absorption edge, we have succeeded in generating quadrature squeezed light in a semiconductor for the first time. On the basis of our results, we would expect that squeezed light could be generated in many other semiconductor systems provided the photon energy is less than half the band-gap energy.
A near-number state features strongly sub-Poissonian photon-number fluctuation and, unlike a quadrature squeezed state, the photonnumber noise can approach zero, with a finite average photon number. It is now well established that a beam with a sub-Poissonian photon-number fluctuation can be generated directly from a semiconductor laser,l,2 The basic physical processes are a) quantum mechanical interference between the transmitted internal field and the reflected vacuum field at the output coupler and b) high impedance suppression of the pump noise.
Nonclassical states of light, such as number-squeezed light, with fluctuations below the classical shot noise level, have important uses in metrology, communication, quantum information processing, and quantum simulation. However, generating these nonclassical states of light, especially with high intensity and a high degree of squeezing, is challenging. To address this problem, we introduce a new concept which uses gain to generate intense sub-Poissonian light at optical frequencies. It exploits a strongly nonlinear gain for photons which arises from a combination of frequency-dependent gain and Kerr nonlinearity. In this laser architecture, the interaction between the gain medium and Kerr nonlinearity suppresses the spontaneous emission at high photon number states, leading to a strong "negative feedback" that suppresses photon-number fluctuations. We discuss realistic implementations of this concept based on the use of solid-state gain media in laser cavities with Kerr nonlinear materials, showing how 90% squeezing of photon number fluctuations below the shot noise level can be realized.