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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Effect of applied fields and high modulation index on gain and phase conjugate reflectivity in photorefractive materials.

James E. Millerd, E. Garmire, Marvin B. Klein, George A. Brost

Published May 10, 1992• 0 citations
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Nonlinear optics normally involves the change in the susceptibility of a material due to the presence of optical radiation. In many cases, the light-matter interaction produces a change in the refractive index of the medium, as occurs in photorefractive media, as well as in Kerr-like media, Brillouin-active media and absorbing media with thermallyinduced refractive index changes. Such nonlinear refractive index variation corresponds to a change in the real part of the optical susceptibility %. In resonant materials, the optical radiation induces stimulated emission (or absorption) causing transfer of population between different energy states of the medium. This can lead to saturation of the amplification (or absorption) corresponding to changes in the imaginary part of the susceptibility x= i2odk where the amplitude gain coefficient a(I) is a saturable function of the intensity /, and k is the magnitude of the wavevector of the optical radiation. The interference of two (or more) coherent beams I(x) in the laser amplifier can cause a modulation of the population inversion N(x). This modulation of the inversion is commonly known as spatial hole burning in lasers and leads to formation of a gain-grating a(x) = 1/2GN(X) where G is the stimulated emission cross-section. The gain grating can act as a very efficient diffractive optical element exhibiting high diffraction efficiency that may be even greater than unity [16] and also very high phase conjugate reflectivity using four-wave mixing (FWM) geometries [5-7].

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Theory and experiments of four-wave mixing and optical phase conjugation in photorefractive materials (A)

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Journal of the Optical Society of America A•Jan 1, 1981•2 citations
A model of wave mixing is developed for photorefractive multiple-quantum-well structures in quantum-confined Stark effect geometry. This optical model takes into account both absorption and index gratings and is based on the nonlocal character of the optical nonlinearity in the direction of the applied electric field. A coupling gain is defined that depends only on the imaginary part of the relative permittivity grating. It is shown that self-starting gratings can appear when a certain threshold condition on the coupling gain is verified, with this condition being similar to the threshold condition for double phase-conjugate mirror operation in bulk photorefractive materials. The possibility of obtaining with actual devices the relatively high optical nonlinearity necessary to reach the threshold is discussed. Double phase conjugation with multiple-quantum-well structures in a two-zone configuration is envisaged.
Nonlinear optics normally involves the change in the susceptibility of a material due to the presence of optical radiation. In many cases, the light-matter interaction produces a change in the refractive index of the medium, as occurs in photorefractive media, as well as in Kerr-like media, Brillouin-active media and absorbing media with thermallyinduced refractive index changes. Such nonlinear refractive index variation corresponds to a change in the real part of the optical susceptibility %. In resonant materials, the optical radiation induces stimulated emission (or absorption) causing transfer of population between different energy states of the medium. This can lead to saturation of the amplification (or absorption) corresponding to changes in the imaginary part of the susceptibility x= i2odk where the amplitude gain coefficient a(I) is a saturable function of the intensity /, and k is the magnitude of the wavevector of the optical radiation. The interference of two (or more) coherent beams I(x) in the laser amplifier can cause a modulation of the population inversion N(x). This modulation of the inversion is commonly known as spatial hole burning in lasers and leads to formation of a gain-grating a(x) = 1/2GN(X) where G is the stimulated emission cross-section. The gain grating can act as a very efficient diffractive optical element exhibiting high diffraction efficiency that may be even greater than unity [16] and also very high phase conjugate reflectivity using four-wave mixing (FWM) geometries [5-7].