Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Theoretical study of self-starting gratings in photorefractive multiple-quantum-well structures

S. Gosselin, S. Lovisa, Philippe Gravey, N. Wolffer

Published Oct 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A model of wave mixing is developed for photorefractive multiple-quantum-well structures in quantum-confined Stark effect geometry. This optical model takes into account both absorption and index gratings and is based on the nonlocal character of the optical nonlinearity in the direction of the applied electric field. A coupling gain is defined that depends only on the imaginary part of the relative permittivity grating. It is shown that self-starting gratings can appear when a certain threshold condition on the coupling gain is verified, with this condition being similar to the threshold condition for double phase-conjugate mirror operation in bulk photorefractive materials. The possibility of obtaining with actual devices the relatively high optical nonlinearity necessary to reach the threshold is discussed. Double phase conjugation with multiple-quantum-well structures in a two-zone configuration is envisaged.

DOI
10.1364/josab.13.002326

Related papers

Theory of the photorefractive effect for multiple-quantum-well structures in perpendicular field ref lection grating geometry

Vladimir V. Shkunov, Mark V. Zolotarev

The theory of photorefractive grating formation in a semi-insulating GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well structure (MQWS) with an electric field applied across the layers and for counterpropagating writing beams is presented. The gain and the response time demonstrate a resonant behavior with respect to variations in both the applied field and the light’s wavelength. For a semi-insulating MQWS such an interaction geometry could provide the highest two-wave mixing gain, as much as 104 cm−1, which exceeds the linear absorption.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 1, 1995•3 citations

High-Order Diffraction in Photorefractive Quantum Well Structures

Q. N. Wang, David D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch

Recently, the high speed of semiconductor materials was combined with the large optical nonlinearity of the Franz-Kelydish effect near the quantum confined exciton absorption within semi-insulating multiple quantum well structures (SIMQW)[1]. The diffraction efficiency of four wave mixing obtained in the SIMQW with an optical interaction length of 1.05 µm is comparable with the diffraction efficiency for a semiconductor bulk sample with an optical interaction length of several mm operating under similar conditions. Thus, SIMQW become a ideal candidate to study the diffraction process in the Raman-Nath regime[2]. Here, we report two effects of the second order diffraction in a SIMQW sample under applied field: 1) the direct observation of a strong second order diffraction signal; 2) the intensity of the degenerate four wave mixing signal depends on the direction of applied field when the fringe spacing becomes large.

Photorefractive Effects, Materials, and Devices•Jan 1, 1991•0 citations

Two-wave mixing in photorefractive AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells

Q. N. Wang, David D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch

We have observed two-wave mixing in semi-insulating AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well structures at wavelengths near the exciton absorption. The photorefractive index changes are caused by the Franz–Keldysh effect on quantum-confined excitons. Photorefractive gains larger than 200 cm−1 are obtained for the first time at wavelengths near 836 nm using stationary fringes and dc applied fields up to 5 kV/cm. The direction of energy transfer between the two beams is determined by the direction of applied electric field.

Applied Physics Letters•Jul 15, 1991•54 citations

Self-oscillation in a photorefractive phase-conjugate mirror with linear absorption I Isotropic four-wave mixing

Nitin C. Kothari, J. A. Tataronis

The effects of linear absorption on the degenerate and nondegenerate self-oscillation conditions of a photorefractive phase-conjugate mirror are explored. In this study, phase-conjugation results from nonlinear mixing of two strong undepleted parallel-polarized counterpropagating pump waves with a probe wave. Numerical results are presented that illustrate that the linear absorption tends to increase the value of the coupling coefficient required for self-oscillation. It is also found that the pump intensity ratio r is almost independent of the linear absorption for positive normalized detuning Δωτ between the probe and the pump frequencies and of the zero phase shift, ϕ, between the gratings and the light interference patterns when the gratings are stationary. For ϕ = ±π/2, the variation of r with respect to absorption is symmetric for positive and negative detunings.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Oct 1, 1996•2 citations

Spatial structure of holographic gratings in photorefractive crystals with a nonlocal response

S. A. Bugaichuk, A. G. Kutana, A I Khizhnyak

The structure and spatial positions of dynamic gratings responsible of steady-state four-wave mixing are determined for nonlinear media with a nonlocal response. It is shown that an analytic solution found for a double phase-conjugate mirror is fundamental and that it can be used to obtain solutions for such a mirror when two pump beams are present.

Quantum Electronics•Aug 31, 1997•4 citations

Erasing of an optically induced grating in a semi-insulating multiple quantum well waveguide

Ewa Weinert-Rączka, Marek Wichtowski

An interaction between optical signal guided in a photorefractive multiple quantum well planar waveguide and two external waves is considered. The external waves create a refractive index grating in the waveguide core which can be applied for frequency selective switching of guided signals. The influence of free carriers generated by the signal wave on the stability of photorefractive grating is analyzed. Full Text: PDF References D.D. Nolte, "Semi-insulating semiconductor heterostructures: Optoelectronic properties and applications", [CrossRef] M. Wichtowski, A. Ziółkowski, E. Weinert-Rączka, "A general approach to the space–charge field solution in photorefractive materials in a TWM geometry", J. Opt. 12, 065201 (2010) [CrossRef] E. Weinert-Rączka, M. Wichtowski, A. Ziółkowski, G. Staroń, "Photorefractive Grating in Multiple Quantum Well Planar Waveguide", Acta Phys. Pol. A 103, 229 (2003) A. Ziółkowski, E. Weinert-Rączka, "Dark screening solitons in multiple quantum well planar waveguide", [CrossRef] A. Ziółkowski, "Temporal analysis of solitons in photorefractive semiconductors", J. Opt. 14, 035202 (2012) [CrossRef] M. Wichtowski, E. Weinert-Rączka, "Photorefractive Multiple Quantum Well Waveguide as a Bragg Reflector ", Acta Physica Polonica A 103, 239 (2003) Q. Wang, R. M. Brubaker, D. D. Nolte and M. R. Melloch, "Photorefractive quantum wells: transverse Franz—Keldysh geometry", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 1626 (1992) [CrossRef] D. D. Nolte, D. H. Olson, G. E. Doran, W. H. Knox, A. M. Glass, "Resonant photodiffractive effect in semi-insulating multiple quantum wells", A.M. Glass. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7, 2217 (1990) [CrossRef] D.D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch : In: Photorectractive effects and Materials, ed. by D. D. Nolte (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1995) L. F. Magaňa, F. Agulló-López and M. Carrascosa, "Role of physical parameters on the photorefractive performance of semiconductor multiple quantum wells", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 1651 (1994) [CrossRef] Q. Wang, R. M. Brubaker, D. D. Nolte, "Photorefractive phase shift induced by hot-electron transport: multiple-quantum-well structures", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 1773 (1994) [CrossRef] P. Vaveliuk, B. Ruiz, N. Bolognini, "Analysis of the steady-state photorefractive harmonic gratings", Phys. Rev. B, 59, 10985 (1999) [CrossRef] D. S. Chemla, D. A. B. Miller, P. W. Smith, A. C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann, "Room temperature excitonic nonlinear absorption and refraction in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures", IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 20, 265 (1984) [CrossRef] D.D. Nolte, Q. Wang, "Robust infrared gratings in photorefractive quantum wells generated by an above-band-gap laser", Appl. Phys Lett. 58, 2067 (1991) [CrossRef]

Photonics Letters of Poland•Mar 31, 2012•0 citations
A model of wave mixing is developed for photorefractive multiple-quantum-well structures in quantum-confined Stark effect geometry. This optical model takes into account both absorption and index gratings and is based on the nonlocal character of the optical nonlinearity in the direction of the applied electric field. A coupling gain is defined that depends only on the imaginary part of the relative permittivity grating. It is shown that self-starting gratings can appear when a certain threshold condition on the coupling gain is verified, with this condition being similar to the threshold condition for double phase-conjugate mirror operation in bulk photorefractive materials. The possibility of obtaining with actual devices the relatively high optical nonlinearity necessary to reach the threshold is discussed. Double phase conjugation with multiple-quantum-well structures in a two-zone configuration is envisaged.
The theory of photorefractive grating formation in a semi-insulating GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well structure (MQWS) with an electric field applied across the layers and for counterpropagating writing beams is presented. The gain and the response time demonstrate a resonant behavior with respect to variations in both the applied field and the light’s wavelength. For a semi-insulating MQWS such an interaction geometry could provide the highest two-wave mixing gain, as much as 104 cm−1, which exceeds the linear absorption.
Recently, the high speed of semiconductor materials was combined with the large optical nonlinearity of the Franz-Kelydish effect near the quantum confined exciton absorption within semi-insulating multiple quantum well structures (SIMQW)[1]. The diffraction efficiency of four wave mixing obtained in the SIMQW with an optical interaction length of 1.05 µm is comparable with the diffraction efficiency for a semiconductor bulk sample with an optical interaction length of several mm operating under similar conditions. Thus, SIMQW become a ideal candidate to study the diffraction process in the Raman-Nath regime[2]. Here, we report two effects of the second order diffraction in a SIMQW sample under applied field: 1) the direct observation of a strong second order diffraction signal; 2) the intensity of the degenerate four wave mixing signal depends on the direction of applied field when the fringe spacing becomes large.
We have observed two-wave mixing in semi-insulating AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well structures at wavelengths near the exciton absorption. The photorefractive index changes are caused by the Franz–Keldysh effect on quantum-confined excitons. Photorefractive gains larger than 200 cm−1 are obtained for the first time at wavelengths near 836 nm using stationary fringes and dc applied fields up to 5 kV/cm. The direction of energy transfer between the two beams is determined by the direction of applied electric field.
The effects of linear absorption on the degenerate and nondegenerate self-oscillation conditions of a photorefractive phase-conjugate mirror are explored. In this study, phase-conjugation results from nonlinear mixing of two strong undepleted parallel-polarized counterpropagating pump waves with a probe wave. Numerical results are presented that illustrate that the linear absorption tends to increase the value of the coupling coefficient required for self-oscillation. It is also found that the pump intensity ratio r is almost independent of the linear absorption for positive normalized detuning Δωτ between the probe and the pump frequencies and of the zero phase shift, ϕ, between the gratings and the light interference patterns when the gratings are stationary. For ϕ = ±π/2, the variation of r with respect to absorption is symmetric for positive and negative detunings.
An interaction between optical signal guided in a photorefractive multiple quantum well planar waveguide and two external waves is considered. The external waves create a refractive index grating in the waveguide core which can be applied for frequency selective switching of guided signals. The influence of free carriers generated by the signal wave on the stability of photorefractive grating is analyzed. Full Text: PDF References D.D. Nolte, "Semi-insulating semiconductor heterostructures: Optoelectronic properties and applications", [CrossRef] M. Wichtowski, A. Ziółkowski, E. Weinert-Rączka, "A general approach to the space–charge field solution in photorefractive materials in a TWM geometry", J. Opt. 12, 065201 (2010) [CrossRef] E. Weinert-Rączka, M. Wichtowski, A. Ziółkowski, G. Staroń, "Photorefractive Grating in Multiple Quantum Well Planar Waveguide", Acta Phys. Pol. A 103, 229 (2003) A. Ziółkowski, E. Weinert-Rączka, "Dark screening solitons in multiple quantum well planar waveguide", [CrossRef] A. Ziółkowski, "Temporal analysis of solitons in photorefractive semiconductors", J. Opt. 14, 035202 (2012) [CrossRef] M. Wichtowski, E. Weinert-Rączka, "Photorefractive Multiple Quantum Well Waveguide as a Bragg Reflector ", Acta Physica Polonica A 103, 239 (2003) Q. Wang, R. M. Brubaker, D. D. Nolte and M. R. Melloch, "Photorefractive quantum wells: transverse Franz—Keldysh geometry", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 1626 (1992) [CrossRef] D. D. Nolte, D. H. Olson, G. E. Doran, W. H. Knox, A. M. Glass, "Resonant photodiffractive effect in semi-insulating multiple quantum wells", A.M. Glass. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7, 2217 (1990) [CrossRef] D.D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch : In: Photorectractive effects and Materials, ed. by D. D. Nolte (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1995) L. F. Magaňa, F. Agulló-López and M. Carrascosa, "Role of physical parameters on the photorefractive performance of semiconductor multiple quantum wells", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 1651 (1994) [CrossRef] Q. Wang, R. M. Brubaker, D. D. Nolte, "Photorefractive phase shift induced by hot-electron transport: multiple-quantum-well structures", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 1773 (1994) [CrossRef] P. Vaveliuk, B. Ruiz, N. Bolognini, "Analysis of the steady-state photorefractive harmonic gratings", Phys. Rev. B, 59, 10985 (1999) [CrossRef] D. S. Chemla, D. A. B. Miller, P. W. Smith, A. C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann, "Room temperature excitonic nonlinear absorption and refraction in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures", IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 20, 265 (1984) [CrossRef] D.D. Nolte, Q. Wang, "Robust infrared gratings in photorefractive quantum wells generated by an above-band-gap laser", Appl. Phys Lett. 58, 2067 (1991) [CrossRef]