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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Recoil-induced resonance spectroscopy and nondestructive temperature measurement of cold rubidium atoms inside an integrating sphere

Wenli Wang, Jianliao Deng, Yuzhu Wang

Published Nov 12, 2015• 8 citations

Abstract

The recoil-induced resonance spectrum of cold rubidium atoms in an integrating sphere is theoretically analyzed and experimentally observed. We propose a unified theoretical model for arbitrary light polarizations and degenerate magnetic sublevels to calculate the spectra. The amplitude and width of the recoil-induced resonance signals are measured, and the data agree well with our theory. Moreover, the recoil-induced resonance spectroscopy is also used to extract the temperature of the atoms in the integrating sphere. In contrast to the conventional time-of-flight method, a falling region and an auxiliary chamber for the detection are not required, which can be beneficial in building a compact integrating sphere clock. The technique provides a powerful spectroscopic tool for nondestructively monitoring and improving the performance of the integrating sphere atomic clocks.

DOI: 10.1364/josab.32.002441

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Absorption spectra of cold rubidium atoms in an integrating sphere under the influence of a diffuse laser field have been systematically investigated. A pronounced dispersionlike structure centered at the light-shifted pump frequency is observed with a subnatural linewidth. In particular, two clearly resolved absorption resonances on the $5{S}_{1/2}(F=2)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3)$ transitions occur with variable probe beam intensity, which is consistent with our proposed theoretical model. Based on the two absorption resonances,we measure the dependence of light shifts, from which we can directly extract the effective Rabi frequency in a diffuse laser field, on the probe laser intensity, pump laser intensity, and pump laser detuning. Our work helps to identify the physical mechanisms behind these spectral features and is beneficial for studying the corresponding effect in a cold sample.

The nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms in the diffuse laser cooling system is studied in this paper. We present the theoretical models of the recoil-induced resonances (RIR) and the electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) of cold atoms in diffuse laser light, and show their signals in an experiment of cooling (87)Rb atomic vapor in an integrating sphere. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones when the light intensity distribution in the integrating sphere is considered. The differences between nonlinear spectra of cold atoms in the diffuse laser light and in the optical molasses are also discussed.

In this paper we report an experiment on the observation of the recoil-induced resonances (RIR) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) of cold

^{87}\text{R}\text{b}

atoms in diffuse light. The pump light of the RIR and the EIA comes from the diffuse light in an integrating sphere, which also serves the cooling light. We measured the RIR and the EIA signal varying with the detuning of the diffuse laser light, and also measured the number and the temperature of the cold atoms at the different detunings. The mechanism of RIR and EIA in the configuration with diffuse-light pumping and laser probing are discussed, and the difference between the nonlinear spectra of cold atoms in a diffuse-light cooling system and in a magneto-optical trap is studied.

We have employed recoil-induced resonance (RIR) with linewidth on the order of 10 kHz to demonstrate the fast thermometry for ultracold atoms. We theoretically calculate the absorption spectrum of RIR which agrees well with the experimental results. The temperature of the ultracold sample derived from the RIR spectrum is T = 84±4.5 μK, which is close to 85 μK that measured by the method of time-of-flight absorption imaging. To exhibit the fast measurement advantage in applying RIR to the ultracold atom thermometry, we study the dependence of ultracold sample temperature on the trapping beam frequency detuning. This method can be applied to determine the translational temperature of molecules in photoassociation dynamics.