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Optics Express

Nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms in diffuse laser light

Wenzhuo Zhang, Hua-Dong Cheng, Ling Xiao, Liang Liu, Yuzhu Wang

Published Feb 11, 2009• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms in the diffuse laser cooling system is studied in this paper. We present the theoretical models of the recoil-induced resonances (RIR) and the electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) of cold atoms in diffuse laser light, and show their signals in an experiment of cooling (87)Rb atomic vapor in an integrating sphere. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones when the light intensity distribution in the integrating sphere is considered. The differences between nonlinear spectra of cold atoms in the diffuse laser light and in the optical molasses are also discussed.

DOI
10.1364/oe.17.002892

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The nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms in the diffuse laser cooling system is studied in this paper. We present the theoretical models of the recoil-induced resonances (RIR) and the electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) of cold atoms in diffuse laser light, and show their signals in an experiment of cooling (87)Rb atomic vapor in an integrating sphere. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones when the light intensity distribution in the integrating sphere is considered. The differences between nonlinear spectra of cold atoms in the diffuse laser light and in the optical molasses are also discussed.
In this paper we report an experiment on the observation of the recoil-induced resonances (RIR) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) of cold 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb atoms in diffuse light. The pump light of the RIR and the EIA comes from the diffuse light in an integrating sphere, which also serves the cooling light. We measured the RIR and the EIA signal varying with the detuning of the diffuse laser light, and also measured the number and the temperature of the cold atoms at the different detunings. The mechanism of RIR and EIA in the configuration with diffuse-light pumping and laser probing are discussed, and the difference between the nonlinear spectra of cold atoms in a diffuse-light cooling system and in a magneto-optical trap is studied.
Abstract We demonstrate an integrating sphere to cool 87Rb atoms and measure the recoil-induced resonance and electromagnetically induced absorption spectrum. We measure the relationship between their linewidth and light shift with variation of the detuning and power of the cooling laser and study the performance of the diffuse laser cooling mechanism by the absorption linewidth radio Δν E/Δν R and light shift |Δ R–Δ E| using nonlinear spectroscopy. Specifically, when Δν E/Δν R reaches a value of 1.57, the temperature and number of cold atoms achieve the optimal cooling effect. This characterization of absorption linewidth and light shift will provide a method to estimate whether diffuse light cooling achieves the best cooling effect, contributing to the future development of isotropic laser cooling for application in quantum sensing.
In this paper we describe an experiment on laser cooling of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms directly from a vapor background in diffuse light. Diffuse light is produced in a ceramic integrating sphere by multiple scattering of two laser beams injected through multimode fibers. A probe beam, whose propagation direction is either horizontal or vertical, is used to detect cold atoms. We measured the absorption spectra of the cold atoms by scanning the frequency of the probe beam, and observed both the absorption signal and the time of flight signal after we switched off the cooling light, from which we estimated the temperature and the number of cold atoms. This method is clearly attractive for building a compact cold atom clock.
Absorption spectra of cold rubidium atoms in an integrating sphere under the influence of a diffuse laser field have been systematically investigated. A pronounced dispersionlike structure centered at the light-shifted pump frequency is observed with a subnatural linewidth. In particular, two clearly resolved absorption resonances on the $5{S}_{1/2}(F=2)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3)$ transitions occur with variable probe beam intensity, which is consistent with our proposed theoretical model. Based on the two absorption resonances,we measure the dependence of light shifts, from which we can directly extract the effective Rabi frequency in a diffuse laser field, on the probe laser intensity, pump laser intensity, and pump laser detuning. Our work helps to identify the physical mechanisms behind these spectral features and is beneficial for studying the corresponding effect in a cold sample.