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Optics Letters

Effective hyper-Raman scattering via inhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency in monolayer graphene under an external magnetic field

Shaopeng Liu, Wen‐Xing Yang, Zhonghu Zhu, Shasha Liu, Ray‐Kuang Lee

Published Jun 15, 2016• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and analyze an effective scheme to generate hyper-Raman scattering via inhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a monolayer graphene under a magnetic field. By solving the Schrödinger-Maxwell formalism, we derive explicitly analytical expressions for linear susceptibility, nonlinear susceptibility, and generated Raman electric field under the steady-state condition. Based on dressed-state theory, our results show a competition between EIT and hyper-Raman scattering, and the hyper-Raman process is totally dominant when multiphoton destructive interference is completely suppressed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.41.002891

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We propose and analyze an effective scheme to generate hyper-Raman scattering via inhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a monolayer graphene under a magnetic field. By solving the Schrödinger-Maxwell formalism, we derive explicitly analytical expressions for linear susceptibility, nonlinear susceptibility, and generated Raman electric field under the steady-state condition. Based on dressed-state theory, our results show a competition between EIT and hyper-Raman scattering, and the hyper-Raman process is totally dominant when multiphoton destructive interference is completely suppressed.
We demonstrate a scheme to control the spatially dependent hyper-Raman scattering based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold atomic system. By adjusting the different system parameters, one can effectively modulate the phase and intensity of the generated Raman field. Specifically, we show that electromagnetically induced transparency creates quantum interference, which results in greatly enhanced efficiency for the generated Raman field. Such improvement in Raman efficiency makes our scheme suitable for generation of short-wavelength coherent radiation, conversion of frequency, and nonlinear spectroscopy based on orbital angular momentum light.
We present a theoretical formulation of the competition between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Raman processes. The latter become important when the medium can no longer be considered to be dilute. Unlike the standard formulation of EIT, we consider all fields applied and generated as interacting with both the transitions of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme. We solve the Maxwell equations for the net generated field using a fast-Fourier-transform technique and obtain predictions for the probe, control, and Raman fields. We show how the intensity of the probe field is depleted at higher atomic number densities due to the buildup of multiple Raman fields. Furthermore, we find that the generated fields and the input fields acquire oscillatory behavior as a function of the density of the medium due to dynamical coupling of the various Raman processes.
We propose and analyse an efficient Raman scheme for suppressing the absorption of a weak probe beam in a typical four-level atomic system with a nearly hyperfine doublet structure of two higher-lying excited levels for the two cases of transient regime and steady-state process. For the transient process, using the numerical calculations by a nice MATHEMATICA code, we find that the magnitude of the probe absorption at line centre of the probe transition is small compared to the standard three-level atomic system based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In particular, our results show that the probe absorption can be completely eliminated under the condition of Raman resonance, i.e. we only require that two-photon detuning is zero within the range of the hyperfine two-level frequency gap for the case of the steady state. In contrast to the standard three-level EIT scheme, one of the key advantages of our four-level Raman scheme is that under the Raman resonance condition we can observe one transparency window without the need of exact vanishing of one- and two-photon detuning. As a consequence, the atomic hyperfine structure cannot be a hindrance for obtaining EIT.
We claim that the concept of electromagnetically induced transparency is only valid for low atomic densities, and for high densities stimulated Raman scattering is totally dominant, where the incident probe wave is not transmitted but is converted to the Stokes wave. This behavior can be explained by the large difference in linear absorption coefficients between the probe and the Stokes waves. We have verified this claim by the experiments using sodium atomic vapor samples with and without a buffer gas. Theoretical analyses using the Liouville-Maxwell equations and numerical simulations also supported our observations.
To address the interference of electromagnetic disturbances other than the low-frequency electric field under test on quantum measurements, this paper investigates the interaction between external electromagnetic interference and Rydberg atoms based on the spectrum formed by the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) effect. A targeted electromagnetic shielding scheme is proposed accordingly. First, the mechanism of interaction between low-frequency magnetic fields and excited atoms is elucidated based on hyperfine level structures. The Zeeman splitting characteristics of atoms under magnetic fields are analyzed through simulations, and the effects of magnetic fields of varying intensities on EIT spectra are measured experimentally. Second, regarding the impact of high-frequency electric fields on electric field quantum measurements, the scenario where the interfering electric field frequency is non-resonant with the Rydberg atom energy levels is primarily considered. The Stark shift in the EIT spectrum caused by the interfering electric field was experimentally measured. Finally, to enhance the system's electromagnetic interference resistance, an electromagnetic shielding scheme was designed and experimentally validated to demonstrate the suppression effect of the electromagnetic shielding enclosure against external electromagnetic interference.