Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Influence of Vapor Pressure and Doppler Effect on the Optical Property of a Coherent Atomic Vapor

Hang Zhao, Shengtao Mei, Jian Qi Shen

Published Jan 1, 2013• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

th , 2012; revised: Dec. 14 th , 2012; accepted: Dec. 23 rd , 2012 Abstract: The dependence of dispersion characteristics of electric permittivity and group velocity on the temperature in a three-level quantum coherent atomic vapor is considered based on the numerical solution of the density matrix equa- tion of the three-level atomic system. The behavior of dispersion of all the density matrix elements has been obtained, and both the Doppler frequency shift and the saturation density that depend upon the temperature of the saturated atomic vapor have been taken into account. The presented optical response of the quantum coherent vapor can be util- ized as a fundamental mechanism for some temperature-controlled photonic devices such as optical switches, photonic logic gates and optical transistors.

Related papers

Influence of Vapor Pressure and Doppler Effect on the Optical Property of a Coherent Atomic Vapor

行 赵

研究了在不同温度下三能级相干原子气体的光学特性(介电系数和群速)色散行为。求解三能级原子系统完备密度矩阵方程，得到所有密度矩阵元的色散行为，然后考虑多普勒频移修正和原子气体饱和蒸汽压(饱和密度)随着温度的变化关系，进行数值求解，给出了探针光群速的色散行为及与原子蒸汽温度的函数依赖关系图示。本文所研究的不同温度下三能级相干原子气体的光学特性可以作为某些温控光子学器件(如光子开关、光逻辑门、光子晶体管)的基本物理原理。 The dependence of dispersion characteristics of electric permittivity and group velocity on the temperature in a three-level quantum coherent atomic vapor is considered based on the numerical solution of the density matrix equation of the three-level atomic system. The behavior of dispersion of all the density matrix elements has been obtained, and both the Doppler frequency shift and the saturation density that depend upon the temperature of the saturated atomic vapor have been taken into account. The presented optical response of the quantum coherent vapor can be utilized as a fundamental mechanism for some temperature-controlled photonic devices such as optical switches, photonic logic gates and optical transistors.

Applied Physics•Jan 1, 2013•1 citation

Quantum Coherent Optical Properties of Probe and Control Fields in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

新韵 姜

对三能级电磁感应透明原子系统的密度矩阵方程进行解算，获得该系统九个密度矩阵元的色散行为,同时研究探针光与控制光所对应的原子气体介电系数的色散曲线和一般相干操控特性。本文将控制光与探针光同等看待，即不同于以往着重于探针光特性、将控制光仅当作调控电磁感应透明介质光学特性的外部条件看待、从而没有研究控制光本身如何受探针光的影响。本文研究探针光与控制光之间的彼此影响(即彼此受对方操控的行为)。电磁感应透明介质内由光来控制光的量子相干行为可以作为新型光子学器件设计的基本原理。 The equation of motion of the density matrix of a three-level EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) atomic system is solved and the behavior of dispersion of the nine density matrix elements is presented. The general optical response of the electric permittivity corresponding to both the probe and the control fields is addressed based on the numerical results of the equation of motion of the density matrix. The probe and the control fields are treated in the same way, in which the influence of the probe field on the control field (and vice versa) is considered. The optical be- havior of controlling light with light can be a fundamental mechanism for new photonic and quantum optical device design.

Modern Physics•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

Quantum Coherence and Quantum-Vacuum Effects in Some Artificial Electromagnetic Media

Jian Qi Shen

The author of this thesis concentrates his attention on quantum optical properties of some artificial electromagnetic media, such as quantum coherent atomic vapors (various multilevel electromagnetically induced transparency vapors) and negative refractive index materials, and suggests some possible ways to manipulate wave propagations inside the artificial electromagnetic materials based on quantum coherence and quantum vacuum effects. In Chapters 1 and 2, the author reviews the previous papers on quantum coherence as well as the relevant work such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), atomic population trapping and their various applications. The basic concepts of quantum coherence (atomic phase coherence, quantum interferences within atomic energy levels) and quantum vacuum are introduced, and the theoretical formulations for treating wave propagations in quantum coherent media are presented. In Chapter 3, the author considers three topics on the manipulation of light propagations via quantum coherence and quantum interferences: i) the evolutional optical behaviors (turn-on dynamics) of a four-level N-configuration atomic system is studied and the tunable optical behavior that depends on the intensity ratio of the signal field to the control field is considered. Some typical photonic logic gates (e.g. NOT and NOR gates) are designed based on the tunable four-level optical responses of the N-configuration atomic system; ii) the destructive and constructive quantum interferences between two control transitions (driven by the control fields) in a tripod-type four-level system is suggested. The double-control quantum interferences can be utilized to realize some photonic devices such as the logic-gate devices, e.g., NOT, OR, NOR and EXNOR gates; iii) some new quantum coherent schemes (using EIT and dressed-state mixed-parity transitions) for realizing negative refractive indices are proposed. The most remarkable characteristic (and advantage) of the present scenarios is such that the isotropic left-handed media (with microscopic structure units at the atomic level) in the optical frequency band can be achieved. Quantum vacuum (the ground state of quantized fields) can exhibit many interesting effects. In Chapter 4, we investigate two quantum-vacuum effects in artificial materials: i) the anisotropic distribution of quantum-vacuum momentum density in a moving electromagnetic medium; ii) the angular momentum transfer between quantum vacuum and anisotropic medium. Such quantum-vacuum macroscopic mechanical effects could be detected by current technology, e.g., the so-called fiber optical sensor that can measure motion with nanoscale sensitivity. We expect that these vacuum effects could be utilized to develop sensitive sensor techniques or to design new quantum optical and photonic devices.In Chapter 5, the author suggests some interesting effects due to the combination of quantum coherence and quantum vacuum, i.e., the quantum coherent effects, in which the quantum-vacuum fluctuation field is involved. Two topics are addressed: i) spontaneous emission inhibition due to quantum interference in a three-level system; ii) quantum light-induced guiding potentials for coherent manipulation of atomic matter waves (containing multilevel atoms). These quantum guiding potentials could be utilized to cool and trap atoms, and may be used for the development of new techniques of atom fibers and atom chips, where the coherent manipulation of atomic matter waves is needed.In Chapter 6, we conclude this thesis with some remarks, briefly discuss new work that deserves further consideration in the future, and present a guide to the previously published papers by us.

•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations

Influence of Doppler effect on the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency

Qiyong Tao, Guiyin Zhang, Haiming Zheng

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a significant nonlinear optical phenomenon. Based on the theory of density matrix equation, we presented the influence of Doppler effect on EIT. A cascade type three-level system and Na atomic vapor is adopted during the course. The results showed that EIT is determined by Rabi frequency of the couple and probing field. It is independent of temperature usually. But when we take Doppler effect into account, it is found that the full transparency appeared at the condition of ΩP=0.01GHz, ΩC=1GHz will vary with temperature. An obvious transparent window can be observed only when the temperature is less than 50K. With the increase of temperature, EIT phenomenon disappeared quickly. At room temperature, we can see that the double peaks of Aulter-Townes will instead of the EIT transparent window as Rabi frequency of the couple field is larger than 1.5GHz.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 3, 2016•0 citations

Dispersion properties in a cascade three level system from a thin atomic vapor film

Yuanyuan Li

The unexpected dispersion properties of transmitting wave from a thin vapor of cascade three level atoms confined between two dielectric walls are theoretically discussed.The line shapes exhibit a Dicke-narrowing type sub-Doppler structure as a result of the slowest atoms contribution and the velocity selection in pump-probe regime.It is also found that there is a strong reduction of the group velocity of light shown by the fast variation of the dispersion in the vicinity of resonance.Because of velocity selection,the line-widths are narrower and the reduction of the group velocity is more manifest in counter-propagation regime than they are in co-propagation regime.One also notes that there are two superimposed dispersion curves,the first of which corresponds to the optics pumping,and the other(the steeper) one to possible electromagnetically induced transparency.

Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Temperature Sensing via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Vapor

Teh‐Chau Liau, Jian-Qi Shen, Shun‐Feng Su

The behavior of multilevel atomic ensembles (e.g., alkali-metal atoms) can be influenced significantly by the intensity of a driving field (or controlling/coupling field). The phase coherence between two transition pathways driven by a probe light and a driving field can lead to the effect known as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In EIT, the probe light can pass through a three-level alkali-metal atomic vapor without absorption or reflection when two coherent resonances (transition pathways driven by the driving and probe fields) are present and the linewidths of the transparency windows are sufficiently narrow. The optical characteristics of atomic systems can also be affected by the Doppler broadening of the absorption profile in a spectroscope. Our analysis indicates that both broadenings (related to the transitions excited by the driving and probe fields) can be expanded, leading to an increase in the transmittance and reflectance broadenings when a coupling field with adaptive strength is applied; the corresponding temperature would, thus, be implemented and readable. We show that the most suitable preparation for temperature sensing via an EIT vapor is to provide 80 times the spontaneous decay rate (SDR) of the excited atomic levels. This configuration results in reflectance and transmittance values that range between zero and one and cover a temperature range of 0 K to 600 K. As an example, we demonstrate the integration of specialized coating technologies with EIT ensembles for temperature sensing in the range of dozens of kelvins at and above room temperature. A key advantage of this temperature-sensing system is its ability to use adaptive resonant visible light as the probe field. This novel approach may find applications in providing unprecedented levels of precision and control in temperature sensing for coating processes and in the design of other photonic or optical devices. It can also be used to determine the temperature-dependent behavior of the specific heat of alkali-metal solids and gases (including the latent heats of vaporization or sublimation of alkali-metal solids) through the reflection and transmission spectra of the vaporized EIT atomic vapors.

Coatings•Nov 2, 2023•0 citations
th , 2012; revised: Dec. 14 th , 2012; accepted: Dec. 23 rd , 2012 Abstract: The dependence of dispersion characteristics of electric permittivity and group velocity on the temperature in a three-level quantum coherent atomic vapor is considered based on the numerical solution of the density matrix equa- tion of the three-level atomic system. The behavior of dispersion of all the density matrix elements has been obtained, and both the Doppler frequency shift and the saturation density that depend upon the temperature of the saturated atomic vapor have been taken into account. The presented optical response of the quantum coherent vapor can be util- ized as a fundamental mechanism for some temperature-controlled photonic devices such as optical switches, photonic logic gates and optical transistors.
研究了在不同温度下三能级相干原子气体的光学特性(介电系数和群速)色散行为。求解三能级原子系统完备密度矩阵方程，得到所有密度矩阵元的色散行为，然后考虑多普勒频移修正和原子气体饱和蒸汽压(饱和密度)随着温度的变化关系，进行数值求解，给出了探针光群速的色散行为及与原子蒸汽温度的函数依赖关系图示。本文所研究的不同温度下三能级相干原子气体的光学特性可以作为某些温控光子学器件(如光子开关、光逻辑门、光子晶体管)的基本物理原理。 The dependence of dispersion characteristics of electric permittivity and group velocity on the temperature in a three-level quantum coherent atomic vapor is considered based on the numerical solution of the density matrix equation of the three-level atomic system. The behavior of dispersion of all the density matrix elements has been obtained, and both the Doppler frequency shift and the saturation density that depend upon the temperature of the saturated atomic vapor have been taken into account. The presented optical response of the quantum coherent vapor can be utilized as a fundamental mechanism for some temperature-controlled photonic devices such as optical switches, photonic logic gates and optical transistors.
对三能级电磁感应透明原子系统的密度矩阵方程进行解算，获得该系统九个密度矩阵元的色散行为,同时研究探针光与控制光所对应的原子气体介电系数的色散曲线和一般相干操控特性。本文将控制光与探针光同等看待，即不同于以往着重于探针光特性、将控制光仅当作调控电磁感应透明介质光学特性的外部条件看待、从而没有研究控制光本身如何受探针光的影响。本文研究探针光与控制光之间的彼此影响(即彼此受对方操控的行为)。电磁感应透明介质内由光来控制光的量子相干行为可以作为新型光子学器件设计的基本原理。 The equation of motion of the density matrix of a three-level EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) atomic system is solved and the behavior of dispersion of the nine density matrix elements is presented. The general optical response of the electric permittivity corresponding to both the probe and the control fields is addressed based on the numerical results of the equation of motion of the density matrix. The probe and the control fields are treated in the same way, in which the influence of the probe field on the control field (and vice versa) is considered. The optical be- havior of controlling light with light can be a fundamental mechanism for new photonic and quantum optical device design.
The author of this thesis concentrates his attention on quantum optical properties of some artificial electromagnetic media, such as quantum coherent atomic vapors (various multilevel electromagnetically induced transparency vapors) and negative refractive index materials, and suggests some possible ways to manipulate wave propagations inside the artificial electromagnetic materials based on quantum coherence and quantum vacuum effects. In Chapters 1 and 2, the author reviews the previous papers on quantum coherence as well as the relevant work such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), atomic population trapping and their various applications. The basic concepts of quantum coherence (atomic phase coherence, quantum interferences within atomic energy levels) and quantum vacuum are introduced, and the theoretical formulations for treating wave propagations in quantum coherent media are presented. In Chapter 3, the author considers three topics on the manipulation of light propagations via quantum coherence and quantum interferences: i) the evolutional optical behaviors (turn-on dynamics) of a four-level N-configuration atomic system is studied and the tunable optical behavior that depends on the intensity ratio of the signal field to the control field is considered. Some typical photonic logic gates (e.g. NOT and NOR gates) are designed based on the tunable four-level optical responses of the N-configuration atomic system; ii) the destructive and constructive quantum interferences between two control transitions (driven by the control fields) in a tripod-type four-level system is suggested. The double-control quantum interferences can be utilized to realize some photonic devices such as the logic-gate devices, e.g., NOT, OR, NOR and EXNOR gates; iii) some new quantum coherent schemes (using EIT and dressed-state mixed-parity transitions) for realizing negative refractive indices are proposed. The most remarkable characteristic (and advantage) of the present scenarios is such that the isotropic left-handed media (with microscopic structure units at the atomic level) in the optical frequency band can be achieved. Quantum vacuum (the ground state of quantized fields) can exhibit many interesting effects. In Chapter 4, we investigate two quantum-vacuum effects in artificial materials: i) the anisotropic distribution of quantum-vacuum momentum density in a moving electromagnetic medium; ii) the angular momentum transfer between quantum vacuum and anisotropic medium. Such quantum-vacuum macroscopic mechanical effects could be detected by current technology, e.g., the so-called fiber optical sensor that can measure motion with nanoscale sensitivity. We expect that these vacuum effects could be utilized to develop sensitive sensor techniques or to design new quantum optical and photonic devices.In Chapter 5, the author suggests some interesting effects due to the combination of quantum coherence and quantum vacuum, i.e., the quantum coherent effects, in which the quantum-vacuum fluctuation field is involved. Two topics are addressed: i) spontaneous emission inhibition due to quantum interference in a three-level system; ii) quantum light-induced guiding potentials for coherent manipulation of atomic matter waves (containing multilevel atoms). These quantum guiding potentials could be utilized to cool and trap atoms, and may be used for the development of new techniques of atom fibers and atom chips, where the coherent manipulation of atomic matter waves is needed.In Chapter 6, we conclude this thesis with some remarks, briefly discuss new work that deserves further consideration in the future, and present a guide to the previously published papers by us.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a significant nonlinear optical phenomenon. Based on the theory of density matrix equation, we presented the influence of Doppler effect on EIT. A cascade type three-level system and Na atomic vapor is adopted during the course. The results showed that EIT is determined by Rabi frequency of the couple and probing field. It is independent of temperature usually. But when we take Doppler effect into account, it is found that the full transparency appeared at the condition of ΩP=0.01GHz, ΩC=1GHz will vary with temperature. An obvious transparent window can be observed only when the temperature is less than 50K. With the increase of temperature, EIT phenomenon disappeared quickly. At room temperature, we can see that the double peaks of Aulter-Townes will instead of the EIT transparent window as Rabi frequency of the couple field is larger than 1.5GHz.
The unexpected dispersion properties of transmitting wave from a thin vapor of cascade three level atoms confined between two dielectric walls are theoretically discussed.The line shapes exhibit a Dicke-narrowing type sub-Doppler structure as a result of the slowest atoms contribution and the velocity selection in pump-probe regime.It is also found that there is a strong reduction of the group velocity of light shown by the fast variation of the dispersion in the vicinity of resonance.Because of velocity selection,the line-widths are narrower and the reduction of the group velocity is more manifest in counter-propagation regime than they are in co-propagation regime.One also notes that there are two superimposed dispersion curves,the first of which corresponds to the optics pumping,and the other(the steeper) one to possible electromagnetically induced transparency.
The behavior of multilevel atomic ensembles (e.g., alkali-metal atoms) can be influenced significantly by the intensity of a driving field (or controlling/coupling field). The phase coherence between two transition pathways driven by a probe light and a driving field can lead to the effect known as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In EIT, the probe light can pass through a three-level alkali-metal atomic vapor without absorption or reflection when two coherent resonances (transition pathways driven by the driving and probe fields) are present and the linewidths of the transparency windows are sufficiently narrow. The optical characteristics of atomic systems can also be affected by the Doppler broadening of the absorption profile in a spectroscope. Our analysis indicates that both broadenings (related to the transitions excited by the driving and probe fields) can be expanded, leading to an increase in the transmittance and reflectance broadenings when a coupling field with adaptive strength is applied; the corresponding temperature would, thus, be implemented and readable. We show that the most suitable preparation for temperature sensing via an EIT vapor is to provide 80 times the spontaneous decay rate (SDR) of the excited atomic levels. This configuration results in reflectance and transmittance values that range between zero and one and cover a temperature range of 0 K to 600 K. As an example, we demonstrate the integration of specialized coating technologies with EIT ensembles for temperature sensing in the range of dozens of kelvins at and above room temperature. A key advantage of this temperature-sensing system is its ability to use adaptive resonant visible light as the probe field. This novel approach may find applications in providing unprecedented levels of precision and control in temperature sensing for coating processes and in the design of other photonic or optical devices. It can also be used to determine the temperature-dependent behavior of the specific heat of alkali-metal solids and gases (including the latent heats of vaporization or sublimation of alkali-metal solids) through the reflection and transmission spectra of the vaporized EIT atomic vapors.