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Scientific Reports

Effective W-state fusion strategies for electronic and photonic qubits via the quantum-dot-microcavity coupled system

Xue Yan Han, Shi Hu, Qi Guo, Hong‐Fu Wang, Ai‐Dong Zhu, Shou Zhang

Published Aug 5, 2015• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose effective fusion schemes for stationary electronic W state and flying photonic W state, respectively, by using the quantum-dot-microcavity coupled system. The present schemes can fuse a n-qubit W state and a m-qubit W state to a (m + n - 1)-qubit W state, that is, these schemes can be used to not only create large W state with small ones, but also to prepare 3-qubit W states with Bell states. The schemes are based on the optical selection rules and the transmission and reflection rules of the cavity and can be achieved with high probability. We evaluate the effect of experimental imperfections and the feasibility of the schemes, which shows that the present schemes can be realized with high fidelity in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regimes. These schemes may be meaningful for the large-scale solid-state-based quantum computation and the photon-qubit-based quantum communication.

DOI
10.1038/srep12790

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We propose effective W-state fusion schemes for nonlocal electron-spin states and photon states by using the nitrogen-vacancy centers defect in diamond coupled to microtoroidal resonators. Using these schemes, a (m+n-1)-qubit W state can be obtained by fusing n-qubit and m-qubit W states (m, n ≥ 2), which means these schemes are applicable to create arbitrary scale W states with Bell states as the initial resource. The construction of these schemes is very compact and simple compared with the previous logical-gate-based fusion schemes. We analyze the feasibility and evaluate the optimal resource cost of the schemes, which shows that the present schemes can be realized with high fidelities and less resource cost than the previous schemes. Our schemes may be significant for the large-scale solid-state-based entanglement generation and for photon-qubit-based quantum information processing tasks.
We propose a scheme for the preparation of a spin-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state and W state by using quantum dots (QDs) in double-sided optical microcavities with the help of polarized photons. The spin-selective photon reflection from the cavity provides us a perfect way to achieve the scheme by adding some simple linear optical elements and conventional photon detectors. A numerical simulation demonstrates that a perfect scheme of the GHZ state and W state generation can be achieved in one step, and high fidelities can be realized when the side leakage and cavity loss are low, which is feasible in the weak coupling regime. Therefore, our scheme might contribute to quantum communication, quantum teleportation, and some other fields in quantum information processing.
Abstract We present a deterministic scheme for generating large scale GHZ states in a cavity-quantum dot system. A singly charged quantum dot is embedded in a double-sided optical microcavity with partially reflective top and bottom mirrors. The GHZ-type Bell spin state can be created and two n -spin GHZ states can be perfectly fused to a 2 n -spin GHZ state with the help of n ancilla single-photon pulses. The implementation of the current scheme only depends on the photon detection and its need not to operate multi-qubit gates and multi-qubit measurements. Discussions about the effect of the cavity loss, side leakage and exciton cavity coupling strength for the fidelity of generated states show that the fidelity can remain high enough by controlling system parameters. So the current scheme is simple and feasible in experiment.
Abstract An effective scheme is proposed for preparing large-scale maximally entangled W states by fusing arbitrary-size polarization entangled W or W -like states via polarization-dependent beam splitter (PDBS). In our scheme, W m + n −1 state can be generated from an n -qubit W state and an m -qubit W state, and W m + n + t −2 state can be generated from W m , W n and W t states. The fusion process can start with Bell states too. Because PDBS has selective transmission rates for different polarization states, our fusion has a distinct property, i.e. a large-scale maximally entangled W state can be generated by fusing small-size W -like states, and the cost analyses indicate that our fusion scheme is more efficient than the previous one in fusing W -like states. In addition, there is no need for any controlled quantum gate and any ancillary photon in our scheme, so it is simple and feasible.
Quantum state joining has been recently experimentally demonstrated [C. Vitelli et al., Nat. Photon. 7, 521 (2013)] which can transfer two input photonic qubits into a photonic ququart. Here, we revisit these processes from a hybrid point of view. By exploring the giant optical circular birefringence induced by quantum-dot spins in one-sided optical microcavities, we introduce some deterministic joining schemes including two quantum-dot spin joining, hybrid photon and quantum-dot spin joining, and two-photon joining. The input quantum information is represented by one photon with polarization and spatial mode degrees of freedom (DOFs). These schemes are also adapted to the inverse processes called quantum state splitting because all the joining procedures are unitary and do not require projection and feed-forward steps. The fused photon is convenient for realizing elementary logic gates such as the controlled-not (cnot) gate, swap gate, and Toffoli gate. These hybrid fusion and splitting schemes provide flexible synthesis of the quantum-dot spin and photon in quantum applications. The transmission superiority of photons and storage superiority of the quantum-dot spin may be combined for quantum network communication or quantum computations.
Effective schemes are proposed for the generation of bipartite Bell states and theoretically scaling up to arbitrary multiparticle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger, cluster, and W states among quantum-dot (QD) spins. They are realized based on the interaction between an single incident photon and single QD spin. Errors from system nonuniformity and defective photon scattering are transformed into detectable photon losses. In the event of a failed experiment, the system allows for the reinjection of a single photon and the reinitiation of the quantum circuit, until a successful outcome is achieved. This loss-prediction and experiment-repeatability approach ensures that the schemes are implemented with uniform and robust fidelity. Compared with the previous methods, these schemes significantly simplify experimental procedures and analysis processes. Furthermore, upon successful execution of the experiment, the use of single-photon detector can faithfully differentiate between various types of entangled states, depending on the initial states of the QD spins. An analysis of the feasibility of the schemes under current experimental parameters suggests high efficiency even in the weak coupling region.