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Physical Review A

Observation of the hyperfine structure of the 2S1/2−2D5/2 transition in 87Sr+

G. P. Barwood, K. Gao, Patrick Robert Gill, Guozheng Huang, H. Arthur Klein

Published Jan 8, 2003• 44 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The hyperfine structure of the ${}^{2}{S}_{1/2}{\ensuremath{-}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ quadrupole transition at 674 nm in ${}^{87}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}$ has been observed. The ion was confined in a Paul trap and cooled using laser radiation at 422 and 1092 nm. The quadrupole transition was observed by monitoring quantum jumps in the 422-nm fluorescence. The odd isotope of strontium has ``clock'' transitions independent of the first-order Zeeman shift and the ${}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ state hyperfine structure constants have been determined as ${A}_{{D}_{5/2}}=2.1743(14)\mathrm{MHz}$ and ${B}_{{D}_{5/2}}=49.11(6)\mathrm{MHz}.$ Standard uncertainties have been added in parentheses. These values allow the second-order Zeeman shifts to be calculated. The ${}^{88}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}{\ensuremath{-}}^{87}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}$ isotope shift for the 674-nm quadrupole transition has been measured to be 247.99(4) MHz.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.013402

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The hyperfine structure of the 2S1/2\ensuremath−2D5/2{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}{\ensuremath{-}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}2S1/2​\ensuremath−2D5/2​ quadrupole transition at 674 nm in 87Sr+{}^{87}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}87Sr+ has been observed. The ion was confined in a Paul trap and cooled using laser radiation at 422 and 1092 nm. The quadrupole transition was observed by monitoring quantum jumps in the 422-nm fluorescence. The odd isotope of strontium has ``clock'' transitions independent of the first-order Zeeman shift and the 2D5/2{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}2D5/2​ state hyperfine structure constants have been determined as AD5/2=2.1743(14)MHz{A}_{{D}_{5/2}}=2.1743(14)\mathrm{MHz}AD5/2​​=2.1743(14)MHz and BD5/2=49.11(6)MHz.{B}_{{D}_{5/2}}=49.11(6)\mathrm{MHz}.BD5/2​​=49.11(6)MHz. Standard uncertainties have been added in parentheses. These values allow the second-order Zeeman shifts to be calculated. The 88Sr+\ensuremath−87Sr+{}^{88}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}{\ensuremath{-}}^{87}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}88Sr+\ensuremath−87Sr+ isotope shift for the 674-nm quadrupole transition has been measured to be 247.99(4) MHz.
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High-Resolution Spectroscopy of 173^{173}173Yb+^{+}+ Ions
Compared to other stable isotopes of Yb+\rm{Yb}^+Yb+, 173Yb+^{173}\rm{Yb}^+173Yb+ has a richer hyperfine structure, which leads to more favorable clock transitions, spectroscopic techniques for probing new physics, and more sophisticated quantum computing architectures. However, to date, its electronic spectrum remains poorly characterized. Here, we report on efficient laser cooling, state preparation, and detection of a single trapped 173Yb+^{173}\rm{Yb}^+173Yb+ ion. The previously unobserved 2 ⁣S1/2→2 ⁣D3/2^2\!S_{1/2} \rightarrow {}^2\!D_{3/2}2S1/2​→2D3/2​ electric quadrupole transition at 436 nm is coherently excited, and the isotope shift between 171Yb+^{171}\rm{Yb}^+171Yb+ and 173Yb+^{173}\rm{Yb}^+173Yb+ on this transition is determined with an uncertainty of 1.4 Hz. Using microwave spectroscopy, we resolve the hyperfine structure (HFS) of the 2 ⁣D3/2{}^2\!D_{3/2}2D3/2​ state with a relative uncertainty below 10−810^{-8}10−8. From the HFS measurement data, we infer for 173{}^{173}173Yb a nuclear magnetic octupole moment Ω=−0.062(8) (b×μN)Ω= -0.062(8)\,({\rm b} \times μ_N)Ω=−0.062(8)(b×μN​) with uncertainty reduced by more than 2 orders of magnitude compared to previous studies. The data also allow us to determine hyperfine anomalies for the 2 ⁣S1/2{}^2\!S_{1/2}2S1/2​ and 2 ⁣D3/2{}^2\!D_{3/2}2D3/2​ states.
Abstract The isotopic shifts of the 5s 2S1/2–5p 2P1/2 cooling transition, the 5p 2P1/2–4d 2D3/2 pumping transition, and the 5s 2S1/2–4d 2D5/2 electroquadrupole transition are measured in monoisotopic clouds of strontium ions: 88Sr+, 86Sr+, and 84Sr+. To the best of our knowledge, the isotopic shift of the clock transition at 674 nm in 84Sr+ is measured for the first time and is found to be 1186.7(7.2) MHz. The obtained experimental data is used to construct a King diagram, which allows the field (F) and mass (K) shift constants to be estimated for the transition at a wavelength of 674 nm. The obtained results can be used to test atomic structure calculations, sympathetic cooling, and quantum algorithms.
The present decade has seen great advances in optical frequency standards following the development of femtosecond laser frequency combs. With this technology, combined with a stable and narrow probe laser source (50-100 Hz linewidth), we made a systematic study of the 5s 2S1/2-4d 2D5/2 (S-D) transition frequency of the 88Sr+ ion as a function of the quantization axis in the trap. This study revealed the presence of systematic shifts caused by residual micromotion in our rf Paul trap and led to an evaluation of those shifts. Also, a method was developed based on the measurement of the Zeeman spectrum of the clock transition to cancel the electric quadrupole shift caused by patch potentials on the trap electrodes. From these results, we also determined the absolute frequency of the S-D clock transition frequency at 674 nm with a fractional frequency uncertainty of 3.4 × 10-14. We have since made improvements to our probe laser system and have observed 5 Hz Fourier transform limited linewidths on a Zeeman component of the S-D transition of the 88Sr+ ion. To observe such a narrow transition it is essential to have a known and well behaved drift of the laser frequency during the few minutes it takes to measure the ion resonance using the quantum jump signal. Our approach to minimize the drift rate and its sensitivity to temperature fluctuations has been to stabilize the cavity at the temperature where its coefficient of thermal expansion is zero. We will present an overview of our recent progress made on the frequency standard based on the laser-cooled and trapped single ion of 88Sr+.
A single Sr+ atom was confined in a radio-frequency quadrupole trap and laser cooled with resonant laser light. Examination of the transition Doppler profile indicated an ion kinetic temperature of less than 500 mK. Quantum jumps into and out of the metastable 4d(2)D(5/2) level were observed by laser excitation on the electric-quadrupole-allowed transition from the ground state at 674 nm. The dark and bright periods in the strong fluorescence showed variations owing to the applied driving field on the electric-quadrupole transition. These results provide an improved determination of tau = 372 +/- 25 msec for the natural metastable-state lifetime.