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Optics Letters

Interferometric technique for investigation of nonradiative transition kinetics in silica-fiber laser media

V. V. Gainov, Oleg A. Ryabushkin, Mikhail Yu. Vyatkin

Published Nov 16, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel tool for investigation of nonradiative processes in active solid-state laser media is proposed. The technique is based on using an interferometer for population-kinetics detection by means of resonantly enhanced nonlinearity. The advantages of this method in comparison with traditional luminescence-kinetics techniques are verified on the example of decay time measurements for nonradiative 4I(11/2)→4I(13/2) transition in an Er3+-doped active optical fiber.

DOI
10.1364/ol.40.005494

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A novel tool for investigation of nonradiative processes in active solid-state laser media is proposed. The technique is based on using an interferometer for population-kinetics detection by means of resonantly enhanced nonlinearity. The advantages of this method in comparison with traditional luminescence-kinetics techniques are verified on the example of decay time measurements for nonradiative 4I(11/2)→4I(13/2) transition in an Er3+-doped active optical fiber.
Many spectroscopic techniques today rely on time-resolved measurements under short excitation pulses. Instead of using a chopped pump excitation, or ultrafast optical pulses, we expand on and apply the previously developed set of frequency domain methods to analyze the population level dynamics in rare-earth-doped media. By identifying the full frequency response of the gain medium, this method can accurately yield excited state lifetimes and can also be used to estimate transition cross-sections. The accuracy of the frequency domain methods are verified with Er3+-and Tm3+-doped fibers, and an Al2O3:Tm3+waveguide, recovering similar results as reported by time-resolved techniques. The complete frequency domain model presented here can be used in characterization of novel optical gain media, and can provide insights into population dynamics in solid state amplifiers and lasers.
Resonance-enhanced anti-stokes of stimulated four photon mixing is demonstrated for the first time in an Er3+ doped silica fiber under the excitation of a 1064 nm laser. The enhancement of 977 nm anti-stokes of stimulated four-photon mixing by the excited state 4I11/2 of Er3+ has been observed. After the fiber being prepared for efficient SHG, the spectra of stokes and anti-stokes stimulated four-photon mixing were measured again and found to have shifted 2 nm, respectively. We attribute this phenomenon to photo induced refractive-index changes in the fiber: one is caused by the short wavelength light absorptions of GeO, and the other is by the change of intensity-dependent Er3+ population in excited states.
An analysis is made of the problem of kinetics of the superradiance decay in the case of nonlinear quenching of excited centers in four-level active media. A method is proposed for estimating the initial axial gain and of the stimulated emission cross sections of active media: it is based on a simultaneous analysis of the normalized superradiant flux and integrated population of the active medium. The proposed method is not sensitive to nonlinear quenching. A qualitative analysis is made of the decay of excitation in neodymium pentaphosphate crystals after pulsed excitation with laser radiation of the 0.538 μ wavelength and stimulated emission cross sections are estimated for the 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 11/2 transition in Nd 3+ resulting in lasing at 1.051 μ and at some other wavelengths of this transition.
A method of reducing the decay time of the population-inversion-dependent refractive index change in rare-earth doped fibers is investigated, and its suitability for use in all-optical switching is considered. Normally, the temporal response of this type of nonlinearity is dominated by the slow fluorescent decay from the metastable level present in the doped fiber. However, in this instance, the nonlinearity is rapidly quenched by the internally generated lasing signal produced by Q-switching a lasing cavity containing the doped fiber. Using this technique the observed decay time was reduced from 370 /spl mu/s to /spl sim/1 /spl mu/s and a phase modulation of /spl pi/-radians was observed, demonstrating that the effect could be used to achieve complete optical switching in an interferometric device. A model of the temporal behavior of this effect is developed using a rate equation analysis. The induced index change is modeled by summing the effects of individual transitions in the region of the signal wavelength, and by including the effects of assumed transitions in the VUV. An extension to this method is discussed in which the depopulating signal is generated using gain-switched techniques, obviating the need for intracavity modulation, thus making the depopulation mechanism more suitable for practical purposes.