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[Quantum transitions between states and cosmophysical fluctuations].

Bliumenfel'd La, T. A. Zenchenko

Published Sep 1, 2001• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

An explanation of the appearance of the reproducible fine structure of the histograms corresponding to different processes from simple chemical reactions to radioactive decays is developed. Earlier this explanation was reduced to extremely strong influence of small changes between energy levels of a quantum system under study and its environment on the transition probability of the system (chemical reaction, radioactive decay, e.t.c.) from the system last quantum state to final result of the studied process. In the present paper it is supposed that the main factors determining this probability is the periodical or quasi-periodical low frequency changes of local gravitational field leading to corresponding changes of the system mass (the quantum transition probability depends exponentially on the latter). This approach seems to able to propose non-contradictory explanation of many manifestations of macroscopic fluctuation.

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An explanation of the appearance of the reproducible fine structure of the histograms corresponding to different processes from simple chemical reactions to radioactive decays is developed. Earlier this explanation was reduced to extremely strong influence of small changes between energy levels of a quantum system under study and its environment on the transition probability of the system (chemical reaction, radioactive decay, e.t.c.) from the system last quantum state to final result of the studied process. In the present paper it is supposed that the main factors determining this probability is the periodical or quasi-periodical low frequency changes of local gravitational field leading to corresponding changes of the system mass (the quantum transition probability depends exponentially on the latter). This approach seems to able to propose non-contradictory explanation of many manifestations of macroscopic fluctuation.
The data of 30-year investigations of macroscopic fluctuations are generalized in this review. The results of measuring processes of different nature (from biochemical reactions to radioactive decay) fluctuate. They are presented by certain discrete values. The discreteness of corresponding spectra of states can be probably explained by both pure mathematical causes and cosmophysical factors. The fluctuation amplitude and the shape of the spectrum of the states of objects with different nature depend on the universal external cosmophysical factors. General problems arising in connection with the analysis of the "scatter in the results" and "nonreproducibility of measurements" are discussed.
It is shown that due to fluctuations, a sequence of discrete values is generated by successive measurement events whatever the type of the process measured. The corresponding histograms have much the same shape at any given time and for processes of a different nature and are very likely to change shape simultaneously for various processes and in widely distant laboratories. For a series of successive histograms, any given one is highly probably similar to its nearest neighbors and occurs repeatedly with a period of 24 hours, 27 days, and about 365 days, thus implying that the phenomenon has a very profound cosmophysical (or cosmogonic) origin.
It is shown that the quantum mechanics is capable of describing processes which have all the aspects of certain chemical reactions. It turns out that a system may change from one configuration to another when a quantum level of the one configuration has the same energy as a quantum level of the other. Among such reactions mention is made and some discussion given of the large classes of molecular rearrangements, and decompositions, including radioactive disintegration. The dependence on pressure and temperature is slightly discussed and it is indicated that the present theory quite explains the necessity of the old "activation hypothesis" of Arrhenius. The old notions should, however, be modified to take into account that it is not sufficient to have at least the "activation energy" but the molecule must be in a particular state to react. Moreover when there are several "activated" states the rate of reaction from different ones may be very different indeed. Insight is gained into the nature of certain types of catalytic action including special wall catalyses. Some features of photochemical reactions are made clear by the theory.
In this paper, we calculate the probability for resonantly inducing transitions in quantum states due to time-dependent gravitational perturbations. Contrary to common wisdom, the probability of inducing transitions is not infinitesimally small. We consider a system of ultracold neutrons, which are organized according to the energy levels of the Schr\"odinger equation in the presence of the Earth's gravitational field. Transitions between energy levels are induced by an oscillating driving force of frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$. The driving force is created by oscillating a macroscopic mass in the neighborhood of the system of neutrons. The neutron lifetime is approximately 880 sec while the probability of transitions increases as t2{t}^{2}t2. Hence, the optimal strategy is to drive the system for two lifetimes. The transition amplitude then is of the order of $1.06\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, and hence with a million ultracold neutrons, one should be able to observe transitions.
Abstract Mutiple experimental results indicate the existence of cosmophysical effects which influence parameters of nuclear decays and chemical reactions in lab. conditions. In particular, variations of nucleus decay parameters are detected which amplitudes are of the order 10−3 and periods of one year, 24 hours or about one month. Similar influence of solar activity on nuclear decays and chemical reactions also was reported. We argue that such deviations from radioactive decay law and other similar effects can be described by novel quantum nonlocality mechanism, different from standard EPR-Bohm nonlocality. Modified Doebner-Goldin model applied for the description of dynamical nonlocal effects concerned with nuclear decays.
At present there is no generally accepted theory of the effect of macroscopic fluctuations. It the article, an attempt is made to relate this effect to some basic properties of quantum systems, in particular, to the formal absence of dynamic chaos in these systems. Based on this approach, it was shown why the level of the effect must be of the same order of magnitude as the level of noise and cannot exceed this level as the number of experiments increases. It was shown qualitatively what is the cause of the similarity of histograms observed in different experiments.