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Physics-Uspekhi

Realization of discrete states during fluctuations in macroscopic processes

S. E. Shnoll, Valeriy A. Kolombet, E.V. Pozharskii, T. A. Zenchenko, Зверева Ирена Михайловна, Alexander A. Konradov

Published Oct 31, 1998• 77 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that due to fluctuations, a sequence of discrete values is generated by successive measurement events whatever the type of the process measured. The corresponding histograms have much the same shape at any given time and for processes of a different nature and are very likely to change shape simultaneously for various processes and in widely distant laboratories. For a series of successive histograms, any given one is highly probably similar to its nearest neighbors and occurs repeatedly with a period of 24 hours, 27 days, and about 365 days, thus implying that the phenomenon has a very profound cosmophysical (or cosmogonic) origin.

DOI
10.1070/pu1998v041n10abeh000463

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Comment on the paper ''Realization of discrete states during fluctuations in macroscopic processes''

A.V. Derbin, С. В. Бахланов, A. I. Egorov +1 more

Замечание Рє статье "Рћ реализации дискретных состояний РІ С…РѕРґРµ флуктуаций РІ макроскопических процессах", Дербин Рђ.Р’., Бахланов РЎ.Р’., Егоров Рђ.Р

Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk•Jan 1, 2000•4 citations
It is shown that due to fluctuations, a sequence of discrete values is generated by successive measurement events whatever the type of the process measured. The corresponding histograms have much the same shape at any given time and for processes of a different nature and are very likely to change shape simultaneously for various processes and in widely distant laboratories. For a series of successive histograms, any given one is highly probably similar to its nearest neighbors and occurs repeatedly with a period of 24 hours, 27 days, and about 365 days, thus implying that the phenomenon has a very profound cosmophysical (or cosmogonic) origin.
The data of 30-year investigations of macroscopic fluctuations are generalized in this review. The results of measuring processes of different nature (from biochemical reactions to radioactive decay) fluctuate. They are presented by certain discrete values. The discreteness of corresponding spectra of states can be probably explained by both pure mathematical causes and cosmophysical factors. The fluctuation amplitude and the shape of the spectrum of the states of objects with different nature depend on the universal external cosmophysical factors. General problems arising in connection with the analysis of the "scatter in the results" and "nonreproducibility of measurements" are discussed.
An explanation of the appearance of the reproducible fine structure of the histograms corresponding to different processes from simple chemical reactions to radioactive decays is developed. Earlier this explanation was reduced to extremely strong influence of small changes between energy levels of a quantum system under study and its environment on the transition probability of the system (chemical reaction, radioactive decay, e.t.c.) from the system last quantum state to final result of the studied process. In the present paper it is supposed that the main factors determining this probability is the periodical or quasi-periodical low frequency changes of local gravitational field leading to corresponding changes of the system mass (the quantum transition probability depends exponentially on the latter). This approach seems to able to propose non-contradictory explanation of many manifestations of macroscopic fluctuation.
The outcomes of a series of measurements, made on a quantum system, form a sequence of random events which occur in a particular order. The system, together with a meter or meters, can be seen as following the paths of a stochastic network connecting all possible outcomes. The paths are shaped from the virtual paths of the system, and the corresponding probabilities are determined by the measuring devices employed. If the measurements are highly accurate, the virtual paths become "real", and the mean values of a quantity (a functional) is directly related to the frequencies with which the paths are travelled. If the measurements are highly inaccurate, the mean (weak) values are expressed in terms of the relative probabilities amplitudes. For pre- and post-selected systems they are bound to take arbitrary values, depending on the chosen transition. This is a direct consequence of the uncertainty principle, which forbids one to distinguish between interfering alternatives, while leaving the interference between them intact.
In joint experiments performed at Max Plank Institute of Aeronomy (Germany) and the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics in Pushchino, the main manifestations of the phenomenon of macroscopic fluctuations were confirmed. An increased probability of the similarity in synchronous histograms in independent measurements performed by two installations in one laboratory and in two laboratories separated by a distance of 2000 km was shown. In the latter case, the similarity of histograms is most probable at the same local time.
Shnoll and collaborators have discovered strange repeating patterns of random fluctuations of physical observables such as the number n of nuclear decays in a given time interval. Periodically occurring peaks for the distribution of the number N(n) of measurements producing n events in a series of measurements as a function of n is observed instead of a single peak. The positions of the peaks are not random and the patterns depend on position and time varying periodically in time scales possibly assignable to Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon gravitational interaction. These observations suggest a modification of the expected probability distributions but it is very difficult to imagine any physical mechanism in the standard physics framework. Rather, a universal deformation of predicted probability distributions could be in question requiring something analogous to the transition from classical physics to quantum physics. TGD inspired quantum measurement suggests a possible modification based on finite measurement resolution realized in terms of inclusions of hyper-finite factors of type II1, and on adelic physics obtained as fusion of real physics and various p-adic physics characterized by primes p.
Замечание Рє статье "Рћ реализации дискретных состояний РІ С…РѕРґРµ флуктуаций РІ макроскопических процессах", Дербин Рђ.Р’., Бахланов РЎ.Р’., Егоров Рђ.Р