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Journal of Applied Optics

ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF PHOTODETECTORS BASED ON SPONTANEOUS PARAMETRIC DOWN CONVERSION BIPHOTON FIELD

Sun Li

Published Jan 1, 1999• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new method of absolute calibration of photodetector′s sensitivity based on spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) biphoton field is discussed.The process of SPDC is studied theoretically.An experimental system has been set up. The sensitivity of a photon counting photomultiplier tube was measured, and the results were compared with that obtained using conventional method.

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Optics Express•Oct 15, 2021•11 citations
A new method of absolute calibration of photodetector′s sensitivity based on spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) biphoton field is discussed.The process of SPDC is studied theoretically.An experimental system has been set up. The sensitivity of a photon counting photomultiplier tube was measured, and the results were compared with that obtained using conventional method.
A new method of absolute calibration of photodetector sensitivity based on spontaneous parametric down\|conversion(SPDC) biphoton field is described.The process of SPDC is studied theoretically.The single photon detection probability and two\|photon coincidence probability are derived and the calibration principle for photodetectors is explained.An experimental system has been set up.The sensitivity of a photon\|counting photomultiplier tube was measured,and the results were compared with those obtained using conventional method.
A new method of absolute measurement of photodetector quantum efficiency based on spontaneous parametric down- conversion (SPDC) biphoton field is discussed. The process of SPDC is studied theoretically. The single photon detection probability and two-photon coincidence probability are derived and the measurement principle of photodetectors is explained. An experimental system has been set up. The quantum efficiency of a photon-counting photomultiplier tube was measured, and the results were compared with that obtained using conventional method.
A new method of absolute calibration of photodetectors based on a nonclassical effect in nonlinear optics is discussed. The combined influence of a monochromatic flux of pump photons and quantum vacuum noise on a nonlinear crystal with no center of symmetry results in the appearance of rigorously correlated pairs of photons with continuous spectral distribution in the spontaneous parametric scattering of light (spontaneous parametric downconversion) process. The presence of an optical field in a broad spectral range created by the two-photon states (biphotons) makes it possible to develop a new method of measuring the spectral distribution of the absolute value of the quantum efficiency of photodetectors, both in photon counting and in analog regimes, that does not use any calibrated standard light sources (étalons). The feasibility of the method is demonstrated on different types of photomultiplier tube.
Spontaneous parametric down conversion has been largely exploited as a tool for absolute calibration of photon counting detectors, photomultiplier tubes or avalanche photodiodes working in the Geiger regime. In this work we investigate the extension of this technique from very low photon flux of the photon counting regime to the absolute calibration of analog photodetectors at higher photon flux. Moving towards a higher photon rate, i.e. at a high gain regime, the spontaneous parametric down conversion shows the intrinsic limitations of the method, while the stimulated parametric down conversion process, where a seed beam is properly injected into the crystal in order to increase the photon generation rate in the conjugate arm, allows us to work around this problem. A preliminary uncertainty budget is discussed.
An experimental scheme and data processing approaches are proposed for measuring by analog photo detectors the normalized second-order correlation function of the biphoton field generated under spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Obtained results are especially important for quantum SPDC-based technologies in the long-wave spectral ranges, where it is difficult to use the single-photon detector at least in one of the two biphoton channels. The methods of discrimination of analog detection samples are developed to eliminate the negative influence of the detection noises and get quantitatively true values of both the correlation function and the detector quantum efficiency. The methods are demonstrated depending on whether two single-photon avalanche photo detectors are used in both SPDC channels, or at least one single-photon detector is replaced by a photo-multiplier tube which cannot operate in the photon counting mode.