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Computer Engineering and Applications Journal

Quantum authentication protocols based on entanglement swapping in distributed network

Liu Yue-qi, Kun Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This paper analyzed the quantum identity authentication technology in the network environment and brought forward a scheme of quantum identity authentication based on the swapping of the EPR entanglement and analyzed its security.Thus a scheme of sharing secret key string between two sides in the distributed network environment was presented.It made use of the entanglement swapping to authenticate the identity.

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This paper analyzed the quantum identity authentication technology in the network environment and brought forward a scheme of quantum identity authentication based on the swapping of the EPR entanglement and analyzed its security.Thus a scheme of sharing secret key string between two sides in the distributed network environment was presented.It made use of the entanglement swapping to authenticate the identity.
A cross-center quantum identity authenticatin scheme was proposed.Which was based on teleportation and quantum entanglement swapping in quantum optics.In a distributed network,the proposed scheme was realized by transmitting information in quantum channel using shared EPR pairs and exchanging necessary information in classical channel at the same time.The security of this scheme,which is guaranteed by quantum mechanism,is unconditional as the EPR quantum key distribution protocol.Compare with previous schemes,the proposed scheme overcomes some disadvantages of those simple point-to-point quantum identity authentication scheme.Because of the characteristic of cross-center extending the authentication range,the proposed scheme is more flexible and practical.
Most schemes of quantum key remote distribution available mainly deal with the quantum repeater based on quantum entanglement swapping. However, as the quantum repeater has many insurmountable shortcomings, this paper, relying on the existing fairly mature technique, proposes a highly efficient QKD scheme with authentication mechanism from a new perspective of scheme not based on entanglement swapping, overcoming the low efficiency of the entanglement swapping scheme. By means of the quantum authentication mechanism, this scheme is capable of preventing and detecting any active attacks from any point in the quantum network. The scheme proposed has realized authentication and key distribution in the quantum channel at the same time, providing the authentication mechanism of this type of remote key distribution network with a reference. This paper first briefly analyzes the shortcomings of the quantum repeater scheme based on entanglement swapping and introduces the idea of highly efficient quantum key negotiation by means of the pseudo random sequence. Then a key distribution with authentication protocol based on shared secret is presented followed by a description of the application of this scheme in the quantum key distribution network.
In order to distribute a secret key between two designated users, a mutually authenticated quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Without classical information exchange, the two communication parts can securely share a session key in this protocol. Almost all qubits, except a few which are used to check the security of quantum channel, can produce the private key, and two pairs of entangled particles can generate two bits private key. The protocol is proved to secure using Stinespring dilation theorem, and the efficiency analysis is presented.
In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping. Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled. Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party. In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key. Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver. The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver. This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
Authentication is one of the security services that ensures sufficient security of the system by identification and verification. Also, it assures the identity of the communicating party to be that the claimed one. To build a quantum channel between two unauthenticated to each other parties, first, a trusted authority is needed to establish a mutual authentication with each party. Using Bell measurement and entanglement swapping, we present a protocol that mutually authenticates the identity of the sender and the receiver, then constructs a quantum channel based on Bell basis. After, the sender and the receiver use the quantum channel to communicate using entanglement-assisted quantum communication protocols. Additionally, the protocol renews the shared secret key between the trusted authority and each user after each authentication process. The protocol provides the necessary authentication and key distribution to create a quantum channel between the sender and receiver.