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Physics Experimentation

Analysis of optical pumping signal

Xiaoping Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Optical pumping signal subjected to a scanning magnetic field was experimentally observed.According to the theory of atom radiation transition,a simplified energy model of optical pumping was established and the equation of transition rate was set based on the optical pumping magnetic resonance experiment.The dependences of the signal intensity and relaxation time on the magnetic field were numerically calculated,and the results were in good agreement with the experiment.

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Optical pumping signal subjected to a scanning magnetic field was experimentally observed.According to the theory of atom radiation transition,a simplified energy model of optical pumping was established and the equation of transition rate was set based on the optical pumping magnetic resonance experiment.The dependences of the signal intensity and relaxation time on the magnetic field were numerically calculated,and the results were in good agreement with the experiment.
A theoretical model about the process of optical pump magnetic resonance resonance has been established by analyzing the atomic radiative transition process and transition rate. On the basis,the relationship between signal amplitude of optical pump magnetic resonance and the amplitude of sweep field has been derived and compared with the experimental results. It is found that theoretical calculation is in agreement well with the experimental results,thus,the experiment is of great significance on the deep understanding of the optical pump magnetic resonance process.
Optical pumping makes atom system be partial polarization but magnetic resonance produces depolarization,which is the basic process for investigation of the responsibility to optical pumping for Rb isotope.With improvement on experimental technology,the magnetic resonance signal,also with optical pumping signal,from 85Rb and 87Rb can be completely separated.The relation between detecting signal and physics parameters for optical pumping is drawn out by assuming a model of three energy levels.Results from data analysis indicate the responsibility to optical pumping for 87Rb and 85Rb will be accurately described with unitary relaxation mechanism,respectively.The relaxation time has partly reflected the difference of transition probabilities between energy levels of 87Rb and 85Rb.
With the improved DH807 optical-magnetic resonance apparatus,the change of the magnetic field in the Rb vapor bulb is directly observed.Because of the inductance of the coil,there is difference between the change of the real magnetic field and external scanning voltage.The relation between the Rb vapor's saturated absorption rate and the magnetic field is quantitatively measured,the relation between the shape of optical pumping signal and period of magnetic field is studied.The influence of the un-offseted vertical magnetic field on the optical pumping signals is discussed,and all the abnormal optical pumping signals during the expriment are explained.
We demonstrate experimentally an atomic magnetometer based on optical pumping theory, a magnetic resonance that is induced by a radio frequency field and dependent on the magnetic field strength. Compared with the conventional method using one radiation field, which is used not only as the probe beam but also as a pump beam, the additional re-pump beam can increase remarkably the amplitude of the signal. It is shown that the amplitude of the magnetic field resonance signal can increase more than 55% by using an additional re-pump beam, which makes the sensitivity of the magnetometer higher. Finally, we investigate the relation between amplitude of the signal and re-pump laser power, and calculate the atomic population in the trapping states with rate equations.
In this paper, the resonance signal of the rubidium optical pumping magnetometer was studied. The theory is based on the quantum physics and atomic physics. Through establishing the relation between the magnetic sub-level rate equations and the light intensity, the angular dependence of the resonance signal was discussed. When θ=0° the resonance signal is maximum, when θ=90° the signal strength becomes zero, and the equipment won't work. Through the simulated curves, the relationship between the resonance signal and the relaxation time as well as the density of rubidium vapor has also been done. This research provides a theoretical basis to solve the key technology of posture correction. As the rubidium vapour magnetometer measures the underwater geomagnetic field, it also plays a vital role for improving the accuracy of the instrument.
Traditional practice of suppressing low-frequency noise in atomic magnetometers is mainly through the application of magnetic field modulation, while magnetic fields of this kind introduce extra transverse relaxation, which results in a decrease of sensitivity. In this study, a novel method of measuring relaxation rate induced by spin-destruction, wall collisions and modulation magnetic fields is proposed. The optical pumping model is studied both in optical-thin and optical-thick vapor cell through the analysis of total relaxation, thus the optical pumping rate can be separated from total relaxation by analyzing the optical depth. Furthermore, based on the analysis of optical pumping rate and relaxation rate, the polarization of the electron ensemble was evaluated. A compact magnetometer with single-beam configuration is developed for the proof of concept, and the experimental results show good agreements with theoretical calculation. Our method provides a simple and feasible approach to in-situ measurement of transverse relaxation rate and optical pumping rate with physical structure of the device untouched, which is especially advantageous for designing and optimizing compact atomic magnetometers.