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Physics Experimentation

Abnormal optical pumping signals in optical-magnetic resonance experiment

Yu Wang

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

With the improved DH807 optical-magnetic resonance apparatus,the change of the magnetic field in the Rb vapor bulb is directly observed.Because of the inductance of the coil,there is difference between the change of the real magnetic field and external scanning voltage.The relation between the Rb vapor's saturated absorption rate and the magnetic field is quantitatively measured,the relation between the shape of optical pumping signal and period of magnetic field is studied.The influence of the un-offseted vertical magnetic field on the optical pumping signals is discussed,and all the abnormal optical pumping signals during the expriment are explained.

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Academic Symposium on Optoelectronics and Microelectronics Technology and Chinese-Russian Symposium on Laser Physics and Laser TechnologyOptoelectronics Technology•Jul 1, 2010•0 citations
With the improved DH807 optical-magnetic resonance apparatus,the change of the magnetic field in the Rb vapor bulb is directly observed.Because of the inductance of the coil,there is difference between the change of the real magnetic field and external scanning voltage.The relation between the Rb vapor's saturated absorption rate and the magnetic field is quantitatively measured,the relation between the shape of optical pumping signal and period of magnetic field is studied.The influence of the un-offseted vertical magnetic field on the optical pumping signals is discussed,and all the abnormal optical pumping signals during the expriment are explained.
Cs and Rb atomic vapors have been optically pumped in their ground states. The optical/rf-field configuration used allowed for the optical detection of magnetic resonance spectra with subkilohertz resolution by a pump–probe beam technique, in which the free-precessional motion of spins is recorded in the time domain. A six-level system serves as a model to describe the dependence of the observed spectra on the optical frequencies involved. With an intense laser beam applied during the free-precession period, Zeeman light-shift effects are observed. The spatial electric-field distribution of the laser beams and particle diffusion have to be taken into account to let us explain the observed magnetic resonance line shapes adequately.
In order to measure a weak alternating magnetic field, an optically-pumped Rb magnetometer based on pump-probe structure is investigated and demonstrated. The pumping light and probing light propagate along the z axis and x axis, respectively. A constant polarization magnetic field along the pumping light is applied, which not only stabilizes the polarization of Rb atoms but also tunes resonance frequency of Rb atoms. When a weak alternating magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the constant magnetic field, the magnetic moment will tip off the z axis and rotate around the z axis. And then the polarization plane of probing light is modulated correspondingly. The x component of the magnetic moment can be obtained with a balanced detector. As a result, a signal proportional to weak alternating magnetic field can be obtained.In order to obtain the magnetic response of the magnetometer, we analyze the signal amplitude as a function of polarization magnetic field strength B0 and transverse relaxation time 2 with numerical simulation. The amplitude-frequency response of the magnetometer is determined mainly by two parameters, namely cutoff frequency c=1/2 and resonance frequency 0= B0, where is the gyromagnetic ratio of Rb atom. At low frequency, that is a0 and a 0c2, the magnetometer has a flat response, here a is the frequency of the weak alternating magnetic field. If 0c, the signal amplitude will be large for large 0 or small c. For a given c, the peak response appears at 0=c. In the vicinity of resonance frequency, if c0, a peak will appear and if c 0, no peak occurs. At high frequency, the amplitude will decrease with the increase of a.We verify the above analyses in experiment. A vapor cell with a short transverse relaxation time is used to obtain large frequency response bandwidth. Through optimizing the powers and frequencies of pumping laser and probing laser, high polarization and detection sensitivity of atomic spin can be obtained. Moreover, through choosing an appropriate polarization magnetic field, the magnetometer can be maximally sensitive to the magnetic field to be measured. The experimental results show that the magnetometer has a sensitivity of about m 0.2; pT/HzHz and bandwidth of about 3.5 kHz. It can be used to detect low field magnetic resonance and high frequency abnormal physical phenomena.
A new optical pumping scheme utilizing selective reflection is proposed and studied for the first time. This method enables us to observe the spin-polarization of atoms even at the high density, at which the pumping beam cannot be transmitted through a sample cell. Theoretical analysis shows that the light reflectivity at the glass-vapor interface is strongly dependent on the direction of the macroscopic magnetic moment of optical pumped atoms. Two types of demonstrating experiments are carried out with Cs and Rb vapors at the temperature ∼ 200°C. In the transverse pumping experiment with a modulated laser beam, asymmetry of the magnetic resonance signal with respect to the inversion of the magnetic field direction is observed as predicted by the theory. In the longitudinal pumping experiment, the transfer of a large amount of the magnetic moment by spin-exchange collisions is directly observed.
Optical pumping makes atom system be partial polarization but magnetic resonance produces depolarization,which is the basic process for investigation of the responsibility to optical pumping for Rb isotope.With improvement on experimental technology,the magnetic resonance signal,also with optical pumping signal,from 85Rb and 87Rb can be completely separated.The relation between detecting signal and physics parameters for optical pumping is drawn out by assuming a model of three energy levels.Results from data analysis indicate the responsibility to optical pumping for 87Rb and 85Rb will be accurately described with unitary relaxation mechanism,respectively.The relaxation time has partly reflected the difference of transition probabilities between energy levels of 87Rb and 85Rb.
In this paper, the resonance signal of the rubidium optical pumping magnetometer was studied. The theory is based on the quantum physics and atomic physics. Through establishing the relation between the magnetic sub-level rate equations and the light intensity, the angular dependence of the resonance signal was discussed. When θ=0° the resonance signal is maximum, when θ=90° the signal strength becomes zero, and the equipment won't work. Through the simulated curves, the relationship between the resonance signal and the relaxation time as well as the density of rubidium vapor has also been done. This research provides a theoretical basis to solve the key technology of posture correction. As the rubidium vapour magnetometer measures the underwater geomagnetic field, it also plays a vital role for improving the accuracy of the instrument.