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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Two-photon excitation of ultracold atoms to Rydberg states

Sergey A. Saakyan, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, E V Vilshanskaya, Boris B. Zelener, B. V. Zelener

Published Nov 11, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we discuss two-photon excitation and diagnostic of ultracold Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap. Lithium atoms were excited by using ultraviolet cw laser. For identification of Rydberg transitions, we recorded resonance fluorescence of ultracold atoms. Spectra of transitions 2P- n S, 2p- n D were measured. Our results are in good agreement with calculations and experimental data available in literature. Presented work is a part of our project focused on preparation and study of Rydberg matter and ultracold plasma.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/653/1/012123

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In this work, we discuss two-photon excitation and diagnostic of ultracold Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap. Lithium atoms were excited by using ultraviolet cw laser. For identification of Rydberg transitions, we recorded resonance fluorescence of ultracold atoms. Spectra of transitions 2P- n S, 2p- n D were measured. Our results are in good agreement with calculations and experimental data available in literature. Presented work is a part of our project focused on preparation and study of Rydberg matter and ultracold plasma.
This work is aimed at preparing highly excited optically cooled lithium-7 atoms for producing a strongly nonideal plasma and Rydberg matter. A setup implementing a novel nondestructive technique for preparation and diagnostics of highly excited Rydberg atomic states is constructed. The operation of this setup is based on the usage of a cw high-power ultraviolet laser combined with a magneto-optical trap. The diagnostics of highly excited states is performed by the direct recording of the variations in the fluorescence of ultracold lithium-7 atoms in the magneto-optical trap.
The spectra of excited lithium-7 atoms prepared in a magneto-optical trap are studied using a UV laser. The laser diagnostics of the energy of Rydberg atoms is developed based on measurements of the change in resonance fluorescence intensity of ultracold atoms as the exciting UV radiation frequency passes through the Rydberg transition frequency. The energies of various nS configurations are obtained in a broad range of the principal quantum number n from 38 to 165. The values of the quantum defect and ionization energy obtained in experiments and predicted theoretically are discussed.
Our work is devoted to theoretical study of the two-photon coherent spectroscopy of 7 Li atoms continuously cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) on the 2S–2P transition. The ultracold atoms are transferred to highly excited Rydberg states in a two-step coherent excitation process by red and UV lasers. The red laser is detuned by -600 MHz from 2S–2P transition frequency and UV laser frequency detuning is scanned in the vicinity of +600 MHz from 2P-nS(D) transition where n∼40-100 is principal quantum number. The fluorescence signal on the 2P–2S cooling transition makes it possible to obtain a two-photon absorption spectrum. Atom-field interaction is considered in the simple three-level approximation involving a density matrix formalism. It is shown that the effect of the MOT beams on the shape of the two-photon absorption line can be taken into account by an appropriate change in the 2S–nS(D) coherence decay rate.
Energy spectra of ultracold Rydberg lithium atoms are discussed. Our technique has been used for the experimental observation of coherent and non-coherent components of two-step excitation in Rydberg states. The high sensitivity of the technique has allowed us to record narrow coherent resonance at 2 P -41 D . The width of this resonance is 3 times less than width of non-coherent resonance. The coherent resonance is observed when the laser is detuned by ±803.5 MHz from the atomic transition 2 P 3/2 .
In a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of 7Li, two-photon Rydberg resonances are recorded by using a spectroscopic technique, which based on variation in the resonance fluorescence. The first excitation frequency is detuned by 0.59 GHz from the intermediate 2P 3/2 state. Two counter-propagating laser beams are used. The resonances are studied on two-photon transitions 2S 1/2 − nl in a range of principal quantum number n from 38 to 120. The widths of the observed resonances are varied from 4.4 to 13 MHz for different MOT parameters.