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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Efficient excitation of Rydberg states in ultracold lithium-7 atoms

Boris B. Zelener, S. A. Saakyan, V. A. Sautenkov, E. A. Manykin, B. V. Zelener, V. E. Fortov

Published Nov 1, 2014• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work is aimed at preparing highly excited optically cooled lithium-7 atoms for producing a strongly nonideal plasma and Rydberg matter. A setup implementing a novel nondestructive technique for preparation and diagnostics of highly excited Rydberg atomic states is constructed. The operation of this setup is based on the usage of a cw high-power ultraviolet laser combined with a magneto-optical trap. The diagnostics of highly excited states is performed by the direct recording of the variations in the fluorescence of ultracold lithium-7 atoms in the magneto-optical trap.

DOI
10.1134/s002136401418012x

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This work is aimed at preparing highly excited optically cooled lithium-7 atoms for producing a strongly nonideal plasma and Rydberg matter. A setup implementing a novel nondestructive technique for preparation and diagnostics of highly excited Rydberg atomic states is constructed. The operation of this setup is based on the usage of a cw high-power ultraviolet laser combined with a magneto-optical trap. The diagnostics of highly excited states is performed by the direct recording of the variations in the fluorescence of ultracold lithium-7 atoms in the magneto-optical trap.
This study is aimed at obtaining high concentration of optically cooled lithium-7 atoms for preparing strongly interacting ultracold plasma and Rydberg matter. A special setup has been constructed, in which two high-power semiconductor lasers are used to cool lithium-7 atoms in a magneto-optical trap. At an optimum detuning of the cooling laser frequency and a magnetic field gradient of 35 G/cm, the concentration of ultracold lithium-7 atoms reaches about 10 11 cm −3 . Additional independent information about the concentration and number of ultracold lithium-7 atoms on different sublevels of the ground state was obtained by using of an additional probing laser.
In this work, we discuss two-photon excitation and diagnostic of ultracold Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap. Lithium atoms were excited by using ultraviolet cw laser. For identification of Rydberg transitions, we recorded resonance fluorescence of ultracold atoms. Spectra of transitions 2P- n S, 2p- n D were measured. Our results are in good agreement with calculations and experimental data available in literature. Presented work is a part of our project focused on preparation and study of Rydberg matter and ultracold plasma.
The spectra of excited lithium-7 atoms prepared in a magneto-optical trap are studied using a UV laser. The laser diagnostics of the energy of Rydberg atoms is developed based on measurements of the change in resonance fluorescence intensity of ultracold atoms as the exciting UV radiation frequency passes through the Rydberg transition frequency. The energies of various nS configurations are obtained in a broad range of the principal quantum number n from 38 to 165. The values of the quantum defect and ionization energy obtained in experiments and predicted theoretically are discussed.
Our goal is the preparation and study of ultra- cold plasma and Rydberg matter. We assembled an ex- perimental setup for laser cooling of lithium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Trapping of 7 Li atoms in a MOT is demonstrated for a wide range of cooling laser detunings. The number density of 7 Li atoms at different ground-state sublevels is measured by using a probe tun- able laser. The temperature of the trapped atoms is esti- mated. Obtained information is important for the prepara- tion of ultra-cold plasma and highly-excited atoms. duction of recombination in such systems. Our theoreti- cal works show the appearance of short and long-range order (7) and a large reduction of the recombination rate (a few orders of magnitude) in the ultra-cold mixture of Rydberg atoms and plasma in the presence of a strong magnetic field (8-11). The ability to control the decay and crystallization processes in an ensemble of Rydberg atoms could find an application in quantum storage and quan- tum computers. The suggested experiments can model the behavior of the plasma recombination in experiments on creating anti-hydrogen (12-14), and help to increase the number of ground state anti-hydrogen atoms in a strong magnetic field. It is noteworthy that lithium is an element which is very close to hydrogen.