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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

Quantum Secret Sharing with N-Particle Entangled State

Yan Feng-Li

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In order to construct quantum secret sharing protocols among many parts,a N-particle entangled state that has a large persistency of entanglement is introduced,and a quantum secret sharing protocol between one party and(N-1)parties is presented using the proposed entangled state.During constructing secret sharing,Alice chooses randomly unitary operation I or σx for the sent particles,and chooses a part of the particles to check the safeness of channel;then Alice chooses another part of the particles to check the honesty of partners and the safeness of channel by the operations of(N-1)parties.The protocol carries on examination to the eavesdropper for many times,so that it can insure the safeness of channel and the usability of the secret strings.Finally,there are n[1-(N-1)/2 N-1]/6 sharing secret bits among Alice and(N-1)parties.

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In order to construct quantum secret sharing protocols among many parts,a N-particle entangled state that has a large persistency of entanglement is introduced,and a quantum secret sharing protocol between one party and(N-1)parties is presented using the proposed entangled state.During constructing secret sharing,Alice chooses randomly unitary operation I or σx for the sent particles,and chooses a part of the particles to check the safeness of channel;then Alice chooses another part of the particles to check the honesty of partners and the safeness of channel by the operations of(N-1)parties.The protocol carries on examination to the eavesdropper for many times,so that it can insure the safeness of channel and the usability of the secret strings.Finally,there are n[1-(N-1)/2 N-1]/6 sharing secret bits among Alice and(N-1)parties.
To improve the efficiency of quantum secret sharing, a protocol share the message directly among the users was proposed. The scheme made full use of entanglement swapping of Bell states and local operations. For detection of eavesdropping, the EPR pairs were divided into two parts: the checking parts and the encoding parts. After insuring the security of the quantum channel by measuring the checking particles in conjugate bases, the sender encoded her bits via the local unitary operations on the encoding parts. Investigation shows that the protocol is secure and two Bell states can be used to share two bits message.
We propose a scheme of quantum secret sharing between Alice's group and Bob's group with single photons and unitary transformations. In the protocol, one member in Alice's group prepares a sequence of single photons in one of four different states, while other members directly encode their information on the sequence of single photons via unitary operations; after that, the last member sends the sequence of single photons to Bob's group. Then Bob's, except for the last one, do work similarly. Finally the last member in Bob's group measures the qubits. If the security of the quantum channel is guaranteed by some tests, then the qubit states sent by the last member of Alice's group can be used as key bits for secret sharing. It is shown that this scheme is safe.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS), an important branch of quantum communication, is the generalization of classical secret sharing into quantum scenario. The secret messages are split into several parts, and each part is distributed to a separate party so that no action of a subset of all the parties without the cooperation of the entire group is able to read out the secret messages. In this paper, a quantum state sharing protocol is proposed by using entanglement swapping and random EPR selection. The EPR pairs of Bell-state measurement are selected randomly by the sender Alice, which can improve the security of the scheme and raise probability of detecting Eve to 95.8%. In addition, difference coding is used in this protocol to achieve a high efficiency. The security of the present multiparty QSS against eavesdropping has been analyzed. It is convenient in application as it require only two qubit entanglements, one measuring-basis and two-qubit joint measurements, not GHZ states, for sharing an arbitrary secret two-qubit state.
A multiparty quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol of classical messages (i.e., classical bits) is proposed by using swapping quantum entanglement of Bell states. The secret messages are imposed on Bell states by local unitary operations. The secret messages are split into several parts, and each part is distributed to a separate party so that no action of a subset of all the parties without the cooperation of the entire group is able to read out the secret messages. In addition, dense coding is used in this protocol to achieve a high efficiency. The security of the present multiparty QSS against eavesdropping has been analyzed and confirmed even in a noisy quantum channel.
We present a new protocol for the quantum secret sharing (QSS) task among multiparties with two-particle entangled states. In our scheme, the secret is split among a number of participating partners and the reconstruction requires collaboration of all the authorized partners. Instead of multiparticle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states, only two-particle entangled states are employed in this scheme. By local operations and individual measurements on either of the two entangled particles, each authorized partner obtains a sequence of secret bits shared with other authorized partners. This protocol can be experimentally realized using only linear optical elements and simple entanglement source. It is scalable in practice.