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Journal of Yanbian University

The method of deduceing the uncertainty principle of the basis state of hydrogen and the energy of basis state of hydrogen

Jin Zhe

Published Jan 1, 2001• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We used the uncertainty principle and commutation relation to deduce the uncertainty principle of the basis state of hydrogen and the energy of basis state of hydrogen.

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A modified uncertainty principle coupling the intervals of energy and time can lead to the shortest distance attained in course of the excitation process, as well as the shortest possible time interval for that process. These lower bounds are much similar to the interval limits deduced on both the experimental and theoretical footing in the era when the Heisenberg uncertainty principle has been developed. In effect of the bounds existence, a maximal nuclear charge Ze acceptable for the Bohr atomic ion could be calculated. In the next step the velocity of electron transitions between the Bohr orbits is found to be close to the speed of light. This result provides us with the energy spectrum of transitions similar to that obtained in the Bohr’s model. A momentary force acting on the electrons in course of their transitions is estimated to be by many orders larger than a steady electrostatic force existent between the atomic electron and the nucleus.
Abstract Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in application to energy and time is a powerful heuristics. This statement plays an important role in foundations of quantum theory and statistical physics. If some state exists for a finite interval of time, then it cannot have a completely definite value of energy. It is well known that the case of energy and time principally differs from more familiar examples of two non‐commuting observables. Since quantum theory was originated, many approaches to energy–time uncertainties have been proposed. Entropic way to formulate the uncertainty principle is currently the subject of active researches. Using the Pegg concept of complementarity of the Hamiltonian, uncertainty relations of the “energy–time” type are obtained in terms of Rényi and Tsallis entropies. Although this concept is somehow restricted in scope, derived relations can be applied to systems typically used in quantum information processing. Both the state‐dependent and state‐independent formulations are of interest. Some of the derived state‐independent bounds are similar to the results obtained within a more general approach on the basis of sandwiched relative entropies. The developed method allows us to address the case of detection inefficiencies.
This paper presents a theoretical investigation on effects of lateral position uncertainty of captivity electrons within spherical electron shells of Bohr hydrogen-like atoms. A captivity electron, which is spatially confined in Bohr orbits, introduces a lateral position uncertainty that can be determined by considering the area of the electron shell. After deriving uncertainty relation for position and kinetic energy, author theoretically demonstrates that, due to the lateral position uncertainties of electrons in spherical shells, Heisenberg uncertainty principle suggests uncertainty bounds in measurement of kinetic energy states of captivity electrons that orbits non-relativistic hydrogen-like Bohr atom. Afterward, these analyses are extended for relativistic hydrogen-like Bohr atom case.