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Journal of Shanxi University

Frequency-selective-absorption Optical Filter Based on Hyperfine-state Optical Pumping in A Cesium Atomic Vapor Cell

Junmin Wang

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report experimental investigation of an atomic optical filters by utilizing a laser-pumped cesium(Cs) atomic vapor cell,which is based on the demand of the detection of quantum correlated Stokes and anti-Stokes photon pairs in a Λ-type three-level atomic ensemble,respectively.Firstly,we calculated the probe transmission rate as function of pump intensity and temperature of cesium ensemble in theory,then in experiment,we achieves a peak transmission ~ 74.3% of probe laser and the distinction ratio between excitation channel and 9.2 GHz(hyperfine splitting in Cs ground state) frequency-detuned signal channel is about ~ 26.7 dB at 47.15 ℃.In order to avoid reflected pump laser by atomic vapor,we utilized a hollow pump laser to prepare states and make the contrast of the experiment results with solid pump and hollow pump.

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Apr 30, 2011•0 citations
We report experimental investigation of an atomic optical filters by utilizing a laser-pumped cesium(Cs) atomic vapor cell,which is based on the demand of the detection of quantum correlated Stokes and anti-Stokes photon pairs in a Λ-type three-level atomic ensemble,respectively.Firstly,we calculated the probe transmission rate as function of pump intensity and temperature of cesium ensemble in theory,then in experiment,we achieves a peak transmission ~ 74.3% of probe laser and the distinction ratio between excitation channel and 9.2 GHz(hyperfine splitting in Cs ground state) frequency-detuned signal channel is about ~ 26.7 dB at 47.15 ℃.In order to avoid reflected pump laser by atomic vapor,we utilized a hollow pump laser to prepare states and make the contrast of the experiment results with solid pump and hollow pump.
We report experimental investigations of two kinds of high-contrast optical filters by utilizing a laser-pumped atomic vapor and properly-designed Fabry-Perot bulk etalon, which are based on the demand of the detection of quantum correlated Stokes and anti-Stokes photon pairs in a Λ-type three-level atomic ensemble, respectively. Laser-pumped cesium (Cs) atomic filter achieves typical peak transmission ~ 74.3% and the distinction ratio between excitation channel and 9.19GHz- frequency-detuned signal channel is ~ 26.7 dB at 47.15°C. The transmission peak can be tuned within the range of Doppler line-width of Cs D2 line. The temperature-stabilized narrow-band etalon filter with dozens of GHz resonant transmission tunability is realized with typical peak transmission of ~ 91.7% and the distinction ratio between pump and signal channel of ~27.5 dB. These techniques are useful for atom-photon interaction experiments, especially for Stokes and anti-Stokes photon pairs generation experiments based on collective Raman excitation of Cs atomic ensemble.
By monitoring the transmission of probe laser beam (also served as coupling laser beam) which is locked to a cycling hyperfine transition of cesium D(2) line, while pumping laser is scanned across cesium D(1) or D(2) lines, the single-resonance optical pumping (SROP) spectra are obtained with atomic vapor cell. The SROP spectra indicate the variation of the zero-velocity atoms population of one hyperfine fold of ground state, which is optically pumped into another hyperfine fold of ground state by pumping laser. With the virtue of Doppler-free linewidth, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), flat background and elimination of crossover resonance lines (CRLs), the SROP spectra with atomic vapor cell around room temperature can be employed to measure dressed-state splitting of ground state, which is normally detected with laser-cooled atomic sample only, even if the dressed-state splitting is much smaller than the Doppler-broaden linewidth at room temperature.
Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ～0.5 MHz and ～9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ～225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc.
According to the Λ -type three-level system consisting of cesium 6S1/2 (F=3 and F=4) long-lived ground states and 6P3/2 (F'=4) excited state, we experimentally investigate and theoretically analyze the parameters of coherent population trapping (CPT) spectra in a cesium atomic vapor cell with or without neon as buffer gas. The CPT of the full width at half maximum (FWHM), the signal amplitude as a function of optical intensity of the two phased-locked laser beams with a frequency difference of 9.19263177 GHz (the hyperfine splitting in the cesium ground state 6S1/2), relative intensity ratio, beam spot size, residual magnetic field of the magnetic shielding, and the influence of with and without the cesium vapor cell containing neon as buffer gas are investigated experimentally. With the optimized parameters, we obtain the CPT signal FWHM to be as narrow as ～ 340 Hz.
We experimentally investigate the quantum-correlated twin beams generated through stimulated nondegenerate four-wave mixing in the double-lambda atomic system. A 2.5-dB noise reduction of intensity difference with 18.4-GHz frequency difference at the cesium D1{D}_{1}D1​ line is observed in a Cs vapor cell. The quantitative theoretical analysis reveals the experimental difficulty in getting high quantum correlation in Cs atoms because of the large hyperfine splitting of the ground states. However, it is favorable for obtaining quantum correlation in a wide range of pump detunings and relative long lengths of vapor cells. This quantum correlation provides a potential resource for possible coherent interfaces between atomic and solid-state systems due to its wavelength at the Cs D1{D}_{1}D1​ line which lies well within the wavelength regime of the exciton emission from InAs quantum dots.
Two schemes of Doppler-free high-resolution velocity-selective optical-pumping atomic spectroscopy, named single-resonance optical pumping (SROP) and double-resonance optical pumping (DROP), are performed and characterized with room-temperature cesium vapor cells. Due to velocity-selective optical pumping from one hyperfine fold of ground state to another via one-photon excitation in SROP or cascade two-photon excitation in DROP and decay processes thereafter, the atomic population variation of one hyperfine fold of ground state is indicated by SROP and DROP spectra by using of the transmission of the probe laser which is usually frequency locked to a cycling hyperfine transition. As a result, SROP and DROP spectra often have flat background and higher signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, SROP and DROP spectra are very useful for measurement of the dressed-state splitting of ground state with an alkali atomic vapor cell, precise measurement of hyperfine splitting of alkali atomic excited states, frequency references for laser frequency stabilization, two-color MOT, and so on.