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Journal of Xidian University

New decoy state quantum key distribution for increasing the security communication distance

Zhao Nan

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

To increase the security distance of quantum communication,a new scheme of decoy state quantum key distribution with a modified coherent state is proposed.The probability of multi-photon pulse in weak coherent source can be decreased by canceling two photon pulses to improve the security distance.Based on the math model of the decoy state QKD,the formula for the yield and error rate of the single photon pulse with the Modified Coherent State is deduced,and substituted in GLLP to calculate the generation rate of quantum keys.Results show that the decoy state with the Modified Coherent State can increase the secure communication distance about 10%,which is very close to that of the perfect decoy state QKD.

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations
To increase the security distance of quantum communication,a new scheme of decoy state quantum key distribution with a modified coherent state is proposed.The probability of multi-photon pulse in weak coherent source can be decreased by canceling two photon pulses to improve the security distance.Based on the math model of the decoy state QKD,the formula for the yield and error rate of the single photon pulse with the Modified Coherent State is deduced,and substituted in GLLP to calculate the generation rate of quantum keys.Results show that the decoy state with the Modified Coherent State can increase the secure communication distance about 10%,which is very close to that of the perfect decoy state QKD.
Quantum key generation rate of decoy state quantum key distribution(QKD) with a heralded single-photon source(HSPS) is deduced.Relationship between quantum key generation rate and detection efficiency of sender is discussed.Optimal intensities and key generation rate of decoy state QKD with a weak coherent pulse(WCP) and an HSPS are analyzed.It shows that key generation rate increases with increase of detection efficiency of sender and its security distance is the same as with a perfect single photon source.Decoy state QKD increases security distance and key rate of QKD.Due to less dark counts QKD with HSPS works longer distance than WCP.
In practical quantum key distribution (QKD), weak coherent states as the photon source have a limit in the secure key rate and transmission distance because of the existence of multi-photon pulses and heavy loss in transmission line. The decoy-state method and the nonorthogonal encoding protocol are two important methods to combat these effects. Here, we combine both the methods and propose an efficient method that can substantially improve the performance of QKD. We find a 78-km increase over the prior record using the decoy-state method and a 123-km increase over the result of the SARG04 protocol in transmission distance.
We propose a decoy state quantum key distribution scheme with odd coherent state which follows sub-Poissonian distributed photon count and has low probability of the multi-photon event and vacuum event in each pulse. The numerical calculations show that our scheme can improve efficiently the key generation rate and secure communication distance. Furthermore, only one decoy state is necessary to approach to the perfect asymptotic limit with infinite decoy states in our scheme, but at least two decoy states are needed in other scheme.
In this paper, a photon-number-resolving decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme is presented based on recent experimental advancements. A new upper bound on the fraction of counts caused by multiphoton pulses is given, which seems inherent as long as weak coherent sources and high lossy channel are used. This implies that our scheme is optimal in long-distance QKD with weak coherent sources. We show that Eve's coherent multiphoton pulse (CMP) attack is more efficient than a symmetric individual attack when the quantum bit error rate is small, so that the CMP attack should be considered to ensure the security of the final key. Our results show that a not-so-weak pulse can be used to transmit the key. Optimal intensity of the laser source is presented which provides a 23.9km23.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{km}23.9km increase in the transmission distance.
The quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to share a secret key by typically making use of a one-way quantum channel. However, the two-way QKD has its own unique advantages, which means the two-way QKD has become a focus recently. To improve the practical performance of the two-way QKD, we present a security analysis of a two-way QKD protocol based on the decoy method with heralded single-photon sources (HSPSs). We make use of two approaches to calculate the yield and the quantum bit error rate of single-photon and two-photon pulses. Then we present the secret key generation rate based on the GLLP formula. The numerical simulation shows that the protocol with HSPSs has an advantage in the secure distance compared with weak coherent state sources. In addition, we present the final secret key generation rate of the LM05 protocol with finite resources by considering the statistical fluctuation of the yield and the error rate.
Since the single photon is easy to attenuate and be disturbed, its key generation rate and transmission distance in quantum communication systems are generally limited. In contrast, weak coherent pulse (WCP) and heralded single photon source (HSPS) exhibit higher feasibility than the single photon source in quantum key distributions (QKD). We compare the performances of QKD using these two kinds of photon sources and decoy state method, incorporating data-postprocessing methods including the Lütkenhaus scheme and Gottesman-Lo-Lütkenhaus- Preskill (GLLP) scheme. Simulation results indicate that QKD using HSPS can transmit longer distance than using WCP with lower overall quantum bit error rate (QBER) at the same transmission distance, albeit with relatively low key generation rate.