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Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

A quantum deterministic key distribution protocol based on W states

Zhuansun Shaoshua

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A quantum deterministic key distribution(QDKD) protocol was proposed by using W states as a carrier which is suitable for quantum channel transmission.Under the precondition of photon stability,using quantum correlations and a public string S as a key to key distribution,a high efficiency of 54.54% was reached just almost with GHZ states,and photons were transmitted with a stronger robustness.Security analysis results show that this protocol could resist two common attacks,ensure the communication safe and reliable.Meanwhile,this protocol doesn't involve any unitary operation.It's easy handling.

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A quantum deterministic key distribution(QDKD) protocol was proposed by using W states as a carrier which is suitable for quantum channel transmission.Under the precondition of photon stability,using quantum correlations and a public string S as a key to key distribution,a high efficiency of 54.54% was reached just almost with GHZ states,and photons were transmitted with a stronger robustness.Security analysis results show that this protocol could resist two common attacks,ensure the communication safe and reliable.Meanwhile,this protocol doesn't involve any unitary operation.It's easy handling.
Based on the quantum entanglement channel, two secure quantum deterministic key distribution (QDKD) protocols are proposed. Unlike quantum random key distribution (QRKD) protocols, the proposed QDKD protocols can distribute the deterministic key securely, which is of significant importance in the field of key management. The security of the proposed QDKD protocols is analyzed in detail using information theory. It is shown that the proposed QDKD protocols can safely and effectively hand over the deterministic key to the specific receiver and their physical implementation is feasible with current technology.
In order to improve the efficiency of deterministic key distribution,a quantum key distribution scheme based on GHZ states entanglement swapping was proposed.By sharing a pair of GHZ states between communicators,Bob can deduce deterministic key from classic information which was sent by Alice who took entanglement and measurement operation.Compared with other scheme based on GHZ entanglement state,two GHZ states produced by Bob in the proposed scheme and particles are distributed not by Alice,but Bob.Security analysis results show that any eavesdropper can be found in time.The proposed scheme has high distribution efficiency in that all the GHZ states can be used to transmit information except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers,it can reach the distribution efficiency at 60% and simple to operation.
In order to improve the efficiency of key distribution,a quantum key distribution protocol based on W state and Bell state entanglement was proposed via quantum dense coding.In the scheme,the sender Alice codes the key successfully via local unitary operations,and the receiver Bob obtains the key with jointing measurement.All states can be used to transmit messages except those choosen for checking eavesdroppers,5 bits deterministic key were distributed by 5 particles.Security analysis result by using information theory shows that the scheme is secure,any eavesdroppers can be found in time.
By exploiting the entanglement properties of continuous variable quantum GHZ state, we propose a tripartite quantum deterministic key distribution, in which the key is generated from its amplitude and the phase can be used to test and verify the channel security. The existing quantum deterministic key distribution can only hand over deterministic key to one receiver in one communication. However, we always have to transmit deterministic key to more than one receiver in real life. The analysis results of information theory show that when the channel transmission efficiency is greater than 0.5, the proposed protocol can securely hand over the pre-deterministic key to two receivers simultaneously, and it can also be extended to multiparty quantum deterministic key distribution when preparing multiple entangled state, this will greatly improve the overall efficiency of the key transmission, furthermore, the continuous variable quantum GHZ state could have a higher channel capacity, so the protocol has the important practical significance.
Quantum cryptography protocols using entangled qubit pairs can increase the rate and security of information exchange through a quantum channel. Usually those protocols are non-deterministic, i.e. a classical bit is encoded in a quantum state, but the actual bit value cannot be determined. Therefore they request the transmission of additional information through a public channel. By contrast, the ping-pong coding scheme based on entangled photons allows for deterministic and direct key distribution. No qubit has to be discarded and information can be decoded without the need for a subsequent transmission of additional information. Communication through a public channel nevertheless is necessary to ensure asymptotical security against arbitrary eavesdropping attacks.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic technique that creates a secure channel of communication between two parties by applying the ideas of quantum physics. QKD ensures the confidentiality and integrity of data transmission by providing a unique key that the intended recipient can only access. Secure communication has become paramount with the proliferation of IoT (Internet of Things) devices. IoT devices have confined computational power and storage, making them vulnerable to attacks. QKD provides a safe and efficient solution for securing communication between IoT devices. This paper examines how QKD can be utilized in IoT, discussing its benefits and limitations, followed by the discussion on various QKD protocols suitable for IoT devices. In addition, the paper demonstrates that QKD is a promising solution for securing IoT communication, and its adoption significantly enhances the security and reliability of IoT networks.