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Acta Physica Sinica

CALCULATION OF LIFETIMES OF THE HIGHLY EXCITEDSTARK LEVELS

Meng-Xu Jiang

Published Jan 1, 1995• 0 citations
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Abstract

The Wave functions of Stark levels are derived by using the zero-field ware functions of Rydberg states. Based on this, the rates of spontaneous radiations and stimulated emission produced by blackbody radiation are calculated for the Stark levels of n=15, |ml|=1 manifold of K atom within the I-mixing region. The dependences of the lifetimes of Stark levels on the electric field strength and the environmental temperature around the atoms are discussed.

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The Wave functions of Stark levels are derived by using the zero-field ware functions of Rydberg states. Based on this, the rates of spontaneous radiations and stimulated emission produced by blackbody radiation are calculated for the Stark levels of n=15, |ml|=1 manifold of K atom within the I-mixing region. The dependences of the lifetimes of Stark levels on the electric field strength and the environmental temperature around the atoms are discussed.
The populations of n=17,m=0 Stark states of sodium atom in static electric fields have been obtained by two step excitation using tunable lasers. The lifetimes of some selected Stark states and the influences of blackbody radiation on the lifetimes were measured by using delayed electric field ionization. The measured data were compared with the calculated values. The experimental and theoretical results exhibit following behaviours: The total rates of stimulated emission and absorption transitions induced by environmental radiations are of the same order of magnitude in comparison to those of spontaneous transition for the observed n=17 Stark manifold states at room temperature. And this effect is more remarkable for longer lived states. It, along with the effect of the Stark mixing of l sublevels, will reduce the differences among lifetimes of Stark states in a manifold.
Transitions between energetically close-lying Rydberg states are characterized by large electric dipole matrix elements and frequencies low enough that at room temperature the photon occupation number is \ensuremath{\simeq} 10. Consequently the absorption of blackbody radiation and the stimulated emission produced by it lead to an efficient redistribution of population among nearby levels. In some cases dramatic effects are observed, for example, radiative lifetimes that are shortened to a small fraction of their T=0T=0T=0 values. In addition, the 300-K blackbody field of \ensuremath{\sim}10 V/cm produces ac Stark shifts of the Rydberg levels. Calculations of the population redistribution effects and ac Stark shifts are presented. Examples are given to illustrate that care must be taken in experiments with highly excited atoms to ensure that only one state is being observed rather than a distribution.
General properties are considered of three different terms in the imaginary part of the Stark effect on n S, n P and n D Rydberg states of alkali atoms in the field of environmental blackbody radiation with temperature in the ranges between T = 100 K and T = 3000 K. The terms are equal to the rates of decay P d nl ( T ), excitation P e nl ( T ) and ionization P ion nl ( T ) and may be separated and determined independently of each other. Corresponding numerical data calculated together with the rates of spontaneous decay P sp nl in the region of principal quantum numbers n from n = 10–1000 are transformed into fractional rates R d(e, ion) nl ( T ) = P d(e, ion) nl ( T )/ P nl sp . The asymptotic dependences on T and n display an essential difference between the fractional rates of ionization R ion nl ( T )∝ Tn 2/3 and the rates of decay (excitation) R d(e) nl ( T )∝ Tn , approximated by two different asymptotic formulae, one for R ion nl ( T ) and another one for R d(e) nl ( T ). The approximation polynomials with coefficients, determined from the curve-fitting polynomial interpolation procedure for three values of n between n = 15 and n = 150 at three values of temperature T = 100, 300, 1000 K, reproduce the calculated values with fractional departures below 2–3% in the regions from n = 10 to n = 1000 at temperatures from T = 100 K to T = 3000 K.
A highly excited (Rydberg) atom bathed in blackbody radiation is perturbed in two ways. A dynamic Stark shift is induced by the off-resonant components of the blackbody radiation. Additionally, electric-dipole transitions to other atomic energy levels are induced by the resonant components of the blackbody radiation. This depopulation effect shortens the Rydberg-state lifetime, thereby broadening the energy level. Calculations of these two effects in many states of hydrogen, helium, and the alkali-metal atoms Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs are presented for T=300T=300T=300 K. Contributions from the entire blackbody spectrum and from both discrete and continuous perturbing states are included. The accuracy is considerably greater than that of previous estimates.
The rates of blackbody rediation induced transitions and spontaneous transitions of Rydberg states and Stark states of ytterbium have been calculated by the method of numerical integration based on the hydrogenic model. The calculated results are compared with experimental data measured by using delayed electric field ionization. In addition, we have chosen the typically initial states to observe the distribution of repopulations among nearby states and given theoretical explanation. The availability of the hydrogenic model when applied to highly-excited states of complex atoms is discussed.
Blackbody radiation affects low-frequency (${h}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\ll}\mathrm{kT}$) atomic transitions both by inducing transitions and producing ac frequency shifts, important effects that have previously been ignored. Here we report the calculation and experimental observation of a manifestation of the former, the threefold reduction of the Na np\mathrm{np}np radiative lifetimes by 300-K blackbody-radiation-induced stimulated emission and absorption. Estimates of ac frequency shifts for Rydberg and ground-state atoms are given.