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Acta Physica Sinica

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION ON LIFETIMES OF STARK STATES IN HIGHLY EXCITED ATOM

FANG DA-WEI, XIE WEI-JUN, Sen Zhang, (1)九江师范专科学校物理系; (2)浙江大学物理系; (3)中国计量学院光电子技术研究所

Published Jan 1, 1997• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The populations of n=17,m=0 Stark states of sodium atom in static electric fields have been obtained by two step excitation using tunable lasers. The lifetimes of some selected Stark states and the influences of blackbody radiation on the lifetimes were measured by using delayed electric field ionization. The measured data were compared with the calculated values. The experimental and theoretical results exhibit following behaviours: The total rates of stimulated emission and absorption transitions induced by environmental radiations are of the same order of magnitude in comparison to those of spontaneous transition for the observed n=17 Stark manifold states at room temperature. And this effect is more remarkable for longer lived states. It, along with the effect of the Stark mixing of l sublevels, will reduce the differences among lifetimes of Stark states in a manifold.

DOI
10.7498/aps.46.1888

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The populations of n=17,m=0 Stark states of sodium atom in static electric fields have been obtained by two step excitation using tunable lasers. The lifetimes of some selected Stark states and the influences of blackbody radiation on the lifetimes were measured by using delayed electric field ionization. The measured data were compared with the calculated values. The experimental and theoretical results exhibit following behaviours: The total rates of stimulated emission and absorption transitions induced by environmental radiations are of the same order of magnitude in comparison to those of spontaneous transition for the observed n=17 Stark manifold states at room temperature. And this effect is more remarkable for longer lived states. It, along with the effect of the Stark mixing of l sublevels, will reduce the differences among lifetimes of Stark states in a manifold.
Transitions between energetically close-lying Rydberg states are characterized by large electric dipole matrix elements and frequencies low enough that at room temperature the photon occupation number is \ensuremath{\simeq} 10. Consequently the absorption of blackbody radiation and the stimulated emission produced by it lead to an efficient redistribution of population among nearby levels. In some cases dramatic effects are observed, for example, radiative lifetimes that are shortened to a small fraction of their T=0T=0T=0 values. In addition, the 300-K blackbody field of \ensuremath{\sim}10 V/cm produces ac Stark shifts of the Rydberg levels. Calculations of the population redistribution effects and ac Stark shifts are presented. Examples are given to illustrate that care must be taken in experiments with highly excited atoms to ensure that only one state is being observed rather than a distribution.
We report measurements of the temporal decay of sodium Stark resonances over regions of interference narrowing and compare with calculations using Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin quantum-defect (WKB-QD) Stark theory. The measurements are performed with a beam of sodium atoms in a uniform electric field of \ensuremath{\sim}3.2 kV/cm excited via the 3 2P^{2}P2P state to \ensuremath{\sim}285 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ (n∗{n}^{\mathrm{*}}n∗\ensuremath{\sim}20) below the zero-field ionization threshold, and hence substantially above the classical saddle-point energy. For mixed states at level crossings, the discrete-continuum couplings interfere, yielding resonances that are stabilized against ionization over a small interval of the field. Measurements of the maximum lifetimes of \ensuremath{\Vert}m\ensuremath{\Vert}=1 levels here are not limited by laser bandwidth, as were our previous spectral observations of m=0 resonances. For three narrowing regions studied here, the observed maximum lifetime values of 127--191 nsec are 10--20 % less than values obtained from WKB-QD calculations, while experimental error limits are \ensuremath{\sim}5%. After considering estimates for competing processes, namely radiative decay and transfer by blackbody radiation, a slight discrepancy remains.
The radiative lifetimes of the Eu 4f 7 6s n p ( 8 P J or 10 P J ) Rydberg states with J = 5/2 and 11/2 are investigated with a combination of multi-step laser excitation and pulsed electric field ionization, from which their dependence on the effective principal quantum number is observed. The lifetimes of 21 states are reported along with an evaluation of their experimental uncertainty. The influence of blackbody radiation, due to the oven temperature, on the lifetime of the higher- n states is detected. The non-hydrogen behavior of the investigated states is also observed.