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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Stark effect in sodium atomic states highly excited by laser radiation

Valentin M. Apatin, Vladilen S Letokhov, Vyacheslav I. Mishin

Published Mar 31, 1978• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using two-step excitation of the sodium atom by tuned dye lasers, and fluorescence monitoring of the highly excited states, the polarizabilities of the 2D3/2 states with n = 8 and n = 9 were measured. The levels of the n = 9 states were smoothly tuned through 20 cm−1 by increasing the electric field up to 2 kV/cm. The use of the Stark effect as a method of selective stepwise ionization of the atoms by laser radiation is discussed.

DOI
10.1070/qe1978v008n03abeh010021

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Using two-step excitation of the sodium atom by tuned dye lasers, and fluorescence monitoring of the highly excited states, the polarizabilities of the 2D3/2 states with n = 8 and n = 9 were measured. The levels of the n = 9 states were smoothly tuned through 20 cm−1 by increasing the electric field up to 2 kV/cm. The use of the Stark effect as a method of selective stepwise ionization of the atoms by laser radiation is discussed.
We have used two-photon absorption from counterpropagating laser beams of different frequencies to measure Stark shifts and splittings of the 62S6^{2}S62S, 72S7^{2}S72S, 82S8^{2}S82S, 52D5^{2}D52D, and 62D6^{2}D62D states in sodium. Beams from a fixed-frequency, single-mode Ar+{\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}Ar+ laser and a tunable, single-frequency cw dye laser were focussed into a coarse sodium atomic beam and the fluorescence was monitored. The collimation of the atomic beam reduced the residual Doppler width inherent in using two different frequencies. Using the two lasers allowed two-photon transitions to be observed at frequencies unattainable with the dye laser alone, and enhanced the transition rates due to the near resonance of the dye laser with the strong Na $3^{2}S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3^{2}P$ transition. Our experimental results for the scalar and tensor polarizabilities, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$, agree with calculations in the Bates and Damgaard Coulomb approximation within 2% for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ and 9% for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$. As a by-product the hyperfine-interaction constants aaa for the SSS states and the fine-structure intervals $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{({E}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{\frac{5}{2}})}{h}$ for the DDD states were obtained.
The populations of n=17,m=0 Stark states of sodium atom in static electric fields have been obtained by two step excitation using tunable lasers. The lifetimes of some selected Stark states and the influences of blackbody radiation on the lifetimes were measured by using delayed electric field ionization. The measured data were compared with the calculated values. The experimental and theoretical results exhibit following behaviours: The total rates of stimulated emission and absorption transitions induced by environmental radiations are of the same order of magnitude in comparison to those of spontaneous transition for the observed n=17 Stark manifold states at room temperature. And this effect is more remarkable for longer lived states. It, along with the effect of the Stark mixing of l sublevels, will reduce the differences among lifetimes of Stark states in a manifold.
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The Stark splitting of the second excited level of atomic hydrogen (with principal quantum number n=3n=3n=3) has been measured by pulsed laser spectroscopy in order to determine small electric fields by optical means. Doppler-free excitation with two counterpropagating laser beams at 205nm205\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}205nm allows us to measure the n=3n=3n=3 Stark spectra either by an optogalvanic signal after ionization by a third laser photon or by detection of the Balmer-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ fluorescence photons emitted by the excited atoms. Three different cases of laser polarization have been investigated in order to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of this one-step laser excitation method for electric field determination, especially at field strengths below 200V∕cm200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}200V∕cm. The method provides the best field sensitivity achieved with lower excited levels that can be reached directly by two-photon absorption from the ground state (in contrast to the more sensitive Rydberg levels). For this purpose, an advanced tunable pulsed uv laser with narrow bandwidth almost at the Fourier limit has been used. The high spectral resolution allowed us to deduce electric field strengths as small as 50V∕cm50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}50V∕cm from the frequency shift between two selected isolated Stark components. As a main advantage, this simple analysis of the measured spectra does not rely on knowledge of the line intensities which may be strongly affected by the measuring conditions.
The authors have studied the linear Stark effect of sodium Rydberg states by subDoppler high resolution spectroscopy using a continuous stepwise excitation of sodium atoms (3S to 3P to 3D to nF) with the help of a CW dye laser and of two single-mode diode lasers. They have shown a quasidegeneracy of m=0, mod m mod =1 and mod m mod =2 states, revealing an unexpected non-hydrogenic behaviour of Stark states in this linear regime. A simple model, based on a 'truncated Stark basis' approach accounts for this feature, which is common to all alkali atom Rydberg states.
Abstract The level-crossing-method has been used for an investigation of the hyperfine structure of the first excited 3 2P3/2-state of sodium applying an additional electric field parallel to the usual mag. netic field. By means of a detailed analysis of the measured change in intensity of the scattered fluorescence light due to the electric field the constant β of the quadratic Stark-effect of the 3 2P3/2-state of sodium was deduced to be β= (10.8± 1.2) kc/s·(kV/cm)2. The experimental result will be discussed with respect to a determination of upper and lower limits for oscillator strengths of transitions between the 3 2P3/2-state and S-states in the sodium spectrum.