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Acta Physica Sinica

TRANSITION PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY-EXCITED STATES OF Yb ATOM

FANG DA-WEI, Yi Zhang, Zhong Jian-Wei, Sen Zhang, (1)杭州电子工业学院，杭州 310012; (2)浙江大学物理系，杭州 310027; (3)中国计量学院信息工程系，杭州 310034

Published Jan 1, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The rates of blackbody rediation induced transitions and spontaneous transitions of Rydberg states and Stark states of ytterbium have been calculated by the method of numerical integration based on the hydrogenic model. The calculated results are compared with experimental data measured by using delayed electric field ionization. In addition, we have chosen the typically initial states to observe the distribution of repopulations among nearby states and given theoretical explanation. The availability of the hydrogenic model when applied to highly-excited states of complex atoms is discussed.

DOI
10.7498/aps.48.596

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The rates of blackbody rediation induced transitions and spontaneous transitions of Rydberg states and Stark states of ytterbium have been calculated by the method of numerical integration based on the hydrogenic model. The calculated results are compared with experimental data measured by using delayed electric field ionization. In addition, we have chosen the typically initial states to observe the distribution of repopulations among nearby states and given theoretical explanation. The availability of the hydrogenic model when applied to highly-excited states of complex atoms is discussed.
We report on measurements of the population of Rydberg states of Na in a constant electric field that result when 300-K blackbody radiation induces transitions from initial states with |m|=0,1 to neighboring states. Our measurements included comprehensive ranges of initial states (ni∗{\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{i}}^{\mathrm{*}}ni∗​=24--29), repopulation times (td{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{d}}td​=0--50 \ensuremath{\mu}s), and fields (Fs{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{s}}Fs​=175--712 V/cm). We find that the population is redistributed nonuniformly among states neighboring the initial state, reflective of sharp resonances between the states. By comparing calculations of transition probabilities in Na to the data for Fs{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{s}}Fs​=200 V/cm we were able to identify the populated states. Comparisons with calculations in H reveal that these resonances are hydrogenic.
New features of the blackbody-induced radiation processes on Rydberg atoms were discovered on the basis of numerical data for the blackbody-induced decay P d nl ( T ), excitation P e nl ( T ) and ionization P ion nl ( T ) rates of n S, n P and n D Rydberg states calculated together with the spontaneous decay rates P sp nl in neutral hydrogen, and singlet and triplet helium atoms for some values of the principal quantum number n from 10 to 500 at temperatures from T = 100 K to 2000 K. The fractional rates R d ( e , ion) nl ( T ) = P nl d ( e , ion) ( T )/ P sp nl equal to the ratio of the induced decay (excitation, ionization) rates to the rate of spontaneous decay were determined as functions of T and n in every series of states with a given angular momentum l = 0, 1, 2. The calculated data reveal an essential difference between the asymptotic dependence of the ionization rate P ion nl ( T ) and the rates of decay and excitation P d ( e ) nl ( T )∝ T / n 2 . The departures appear in each Rydberg series for n > 100 and introduce appreciable corrections to the formula of Cooke and Gallagher. Two different approximation formulae are proposed on the basis of the numerical data, one for R d ( e ) nl ( T ) and another one for R ion nl ( T ), which reproduce the calculated values in wide ranges of principal quantum number from n = 10 to 1000 and temperatures between T = 100 K and T = 2000 K with an accuracy of 2% or better. Modified Fues' model potential approach was used for calculating matrix elements of bound–bound and bound–free radiation transitions in helium.
We have studied ionization of alkali-metal Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation (BBR). The results of theoretical calculations of ionization rates of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs Rydberg atoms are presented. The calculations have been performed for n S, n P and n D states for principal quantum numbers n =8–65 at ambient temperatures of 77, 300 and 600 K. The calculations take into account the contributions of BBR-induced redistribution of population between Rydberg states prior to photoionization and field ionization by extraction electric field pulses. The obtained results show that these phenomena affect both the magnitude of the measured ionization rates and their n dependence. A Cooper minimum for BBR-induced transitions between bound Rydberg states of Li has been found. The calculated ionization rates are compared with our earlier measurements of BBR-induced ionization rates of Na n S and n D Rydberg states with n =8–20 at 300 K. Good agreement for all states except n S with n >15 is observed. Useful analytical formulae for quick estimates of BBR ionization rates of Rydberg atoms are presented. Application of BBR-induced ionization signal to measurements of collisional ionization rates is demonstrated.
We have studied ionization of alkali-metal Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation (BBR). The results of theoretical calculations of ionization rates of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs Rydberg atoms are presented. The calculations have been performed for nS, nP and nD states for principal quantum numbers n=8-65 at ambient temperatures of 77, 300 and 600 K. The calculations take into account the contributions of BBR-induced redistribution of population between Rydberg states prior to photoionization and field ionization by extraction electric field pulses. The obtained results show that these phenomena affect both the magnitude of the measured ionization rates and their n-dependence. A Cooper minimum for BBR-induced transitions between bound Rydberg states of Li has been found. The calculated ionization rates are compared with our earlier measurements of BBR-induced ionization rates of Na nS and nD Rydberg states with n=8-20 at 300 K. A good agreement for all states except nS with n> 15 is observed. Useful analytical formulas for quick estimates of BBR ionization rates of Rydberg atoms are presented. Application of BBR-induced ionization signal to
Transitions between energetically close-lying Rydberg states are characterized by large electric dipole matrix elements and frequencies low enough that at room temperature the photon occupation number is \ensuremath{\simeq} 10. Consequently the absorption of blackbody radiation and the stimulated emission produced by it lead to an efficient redistribution of population among nearby levels. In some cases dramatic effects are observed, for example, radiative lifetimes that are shortened to a small fraction of their T=0T=0T=0 values. In addition, the 300-K blackbody field of \ensuremath{\sim}10 V/cm produces ac Stark shifts of the Rydberg levels. Calculations of the population redistribution effects and ac Stark shifts are presented. Examples are given to illustrate that care must be taken in experiments with highly excited atoms to ensure that only one state is being observed rather than a distribution.