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Information Security and Communications Privacy

Quantum Circuit Implementation of AES Algorithm

Fu-Chen Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The quantum information science is the outcome for combination of the quantum mechanics with the infor-mation science, which is based on the add principle of the state vectors in quantum mechanics, and also a rising science in the research of information processing. In the field of information security, the quantum physics has brought us a novel thinking and technique in an unexpected way. That authors have designed the quantum circuit simulation of classic cryp-tography-AES, and whith C++ procedure language, simulated the quantum circuit implementation of AES.

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The quantum information science is the outcome for combination of the quantum mechanics with the infor-mation science, which is based on the add principle of the state vectors in quantum mechanics, and also a rising science in the research of information processing. In the field of information security, the quantum physics has brought us a novel thinking and technique in an unexpected way. That authors have designed the quantum circuit simulation of classic cryp-tography-AES, and whith C++ procedure language, simulated the quantum circuit implementation of AES.
The theoretical, experimental and technological areas covering the use of quantum mechanics for communication and computation.Quantum information processing includes investigations in quantum information theory, quantum communication, quantum computation, quantum algorithms and their complexity, and quantum control.The science of quantum information processing is a highly interdisciplinary field.In the context of mathematics it is stimulating research in pure mathematics (e.g.coding theory, *algebras, quantum topology) as well as requiring and providing many opportunities for applied mathematics.The science of quantum information processing emerged from the recognition that usable notions of information need to be physically implementable.In the 1960s and 1970s researchers such as R. Landauer, C. Bennett, C. Helstrom and A. Holevo realized that the laws of physics give rise to fundamental constraints on the ability to implement and manipulate information.Landauer repeatedly stated that "information is physical", providing impetus to the idea that it should be possible to found theories of information on the laws of physics.This is in contrast to the introspective approach which led to the basic definitions of computer science and information theory as formulated by A. Church, A. Turing, C. Shannon and others in the first half of the 20th century.Early work in studying the physical foundations of information focused on the effects of energy limitations and the need for dissipating heat in computation and communication.Beginning with S. Wiesner's work on applications of quantum mechanics to cryptography in the late 1960s, it was realized that there may be intrinsic advantages to using quantum physics in information processing.Quantum cryptography and quantum communication in general were soon established as interesting and non-trivial extensions of classical communication based on bits.That quantum mechanics may be used to improve the efficiency of algorithms was first realized when attempts at simulating quantum mechanical systems resulted in exponentially complex algorithms compared to the physical resources associated with the system simulated.In the 1980s, P. Benioff and R. Feynman introduced the idea of a quantum computer for efficiently implementing quantum physics simulations.Models of quantum computers were developed by D. Deutsch, leading to the formulation of artificial problems that could be solved more efficiently by quantum than by classical computers.The advantages of quantum computers became widely recognized when P.
Quantum cryptography, with the chance of advancement offered by its basis on the single principle of quantum mechanics, constitutes a notable point of strength in the advancement of new cryptography research. Utilizing the distinctive properties of quantum mechanism, such as qubits, quantum cryptography offers enhanced protection against quantum computer attacks. This paper proposes a novel quantum cryptographic algorithm that integrates quantum key generation with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique to safeguard data from quantum threats. By combining quantum bit generation with AES encryption, the confidentiality of information exchanged between parties is preserved. The quantum bit generation technique exploits the inherent properties of quantum mechanics, particularly quantum superposition, to generate secure cryptographic keys. Leveraging the efficiency and robustness of the AES encoding standard, this approach offers heightened security against quantum attacks. Experimental analysis using MATLAB software validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.Top of Form
Nowadays quantum information science is in a state of theoretic completeness; much is invested to research quality physical solution for quantum computer and applications, so the field is led by physicists and information science and technology professionals. This field proved its potential and many (including us) believe it is in the right direction to go. In this paper we'll try to present and analyze the philosophy and nature of quantum information science and discuss hot topics around them. Although there is plenty of space for discussion around this field, we will concentrate on some important issues, such as quantum communication, algorithms and cryptography. Communication promises to be one of the directions where huge breakthroughs will be observed (entanglement as communication), algorithms have already shown exponential advantage (Shor's factoring) over classical counterparts and different paradigm of information processing. Cryptography seems to utilize general achievements in quantum information science and make encryption protocols very secure. Quantum computation can be understood as a generalization of classical computation: The possible states of a quantum computer are superpositions of bit strings, where the tensor factor is called a quantum bit or qubit. To evaluate the computational complexity of an algorithm, either classical or quantum, it is necessary to specify a set of elementary operations, the number of which used during the computation quantities the complexity. If we allow arbitrary permutations classically, or arbitrary unitary transformations quantum mechanically, any state can be reached from any other state in a single step. The general kind of quantum computer should be programmed to perform distinctively quantum operations such as generating two bits in a superposition state. An appropriate measurement on the final superposed state of the computer produces a probabilistic behavior of the output, and because of this quantum parallelization does not reduce the average time required for parallelizable computation completion. The development of quantum computing science and technology as well as quantum computers as thinking machines is very dependent on different achievements of modern research in fundamental and applied physics as well as novel mathematical methods and tools.
Quantum computers have shown their capability to outperform the world's fastest supercomputers despite their nascent stage. This poses questions about the security of existing encryption schemes and offers exciting new possibilities to the field of cryptography. Extension of existing cryptographic algorithms and development of novel cryptographic protocols exploiting the physics of the quantum realm are unique prospects for the industry moving forward. This work implemented a hybrid classical-quantum AES-128 circuit on the open-source Qiskit simulator and explored the possibilities of reducing the qubit count necessary for implementing the same. Multiple classical bits were encoded into a single qubit for processing, and a machine learning model was trained to decode the output data back to classical bits. The circuit size was halved by changing the encoding form of classical bits into qubits. Our hybrid circuit also achieved significant speed up over the existing hybrid circuit for AES encryption and decryption.
Quantum computation and quantum information is a new research field and interdiscipline of physics,mathematics,computer and information sciences.It is a wonderful combination of the theory of quantum mechanics and classical computation.It has been concerned by many national governments and research groups.Algorithm is the kernel of classical computation as well known,and this situation is the same to quantum computation.Currently,the most representative algorithms are only two.One is Shor's algorithm.The other is Grover's algorithm.The fast computation of set operation is very important,and it is the base of many aspects of sciences and techniques,such as database operation,image processing,signal processing.But,for the set with high-dimension unsorted vectors,the classical electronic computer can do nothing for the requirement of fast computation.Therefore,the new computation principle and new algorithm will be needed for set operations.Quantum image processing is a progress that uses quantum computer to process image and wants to get a better result than that of the electronic computer.It is a new born topic,which will be a hot research topic in the future.This paper presents a comprehensive statementabout quantum algorithm,quantum set operation,quantum image processing and quantum Hopfield neural network.