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Physics Examination and Testing

Determination of Optimum Parameter of Sweeping Field in Experiment of Optical-Magnetic Resonance and Analysis of Optical Pumping

Wang Hong-tao

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The g gene of Rb atom and geomagnetic field were measured with the experiment of optical-magnetic resonance. The data from the experiment was analyzed and the optimum parameter of sweeping field was determined. The measured data were compared with theoretical value. The principle of optical pumping was analyzed theoretically.

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A theoretical model about the process of optical pump magnetic resonance resonance has been established by analyzing the atomic radiative transition process and transition rate. On the basis,the relationship between signal amplitude of optical pump magnetic resonance and the amplitude of sweep field has been derived and compared with the experimental results. It is found that theoretical calculation is in agreement well with the experimental results,thus,the experiment is of great significance on the deep understanding of the optical pump magnetic resonance process.
Optical pumping makes atom system be partial polarization but magnetic resonance produces depolarization,which is the basic process for investigation of the responsibility to optical pumping for Rb isotope.With improvement on experimental technology,the magnetic resonance signal,also with optical pumping signal,from 85Rb and 87Rb can be completely separated.The relation between detecting signal and physics parameters for optical pumping is drawn out by assuming a model of three energy levels.Results from data analysis indicate the responsibility to optical pumping for 87Rb and 85Rb will be accurately described with unitary relaxation mechanism,respectively.The relaxation time has partly reflected the difference of transition probabilities between energy levels of 87Rb and 85Rb.
With the improved DH807 optical-magnetic resonance apparatus,the change of the magnetic field in the Rb vapor bulb is directly observed.Because of the inductance of the coil,there is difference between the change of the real magnetic field and external scanning voltage.The relation between the Rb vapor's saturated absorption rate and the magnetic field is quantitatively measured,the relation between the shape of optical pumping signal and period of magnetic field is studied.The influence of the un-offseted vertical magnetic field on the optical pumping signals is discussed,and all the abnormal optical pumping signals during the expriment are explained.
Rubidium laser optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are widely used magnetic sensors based on the Zeeman effect, laser pumping, and magnetic resonance principles. They measure the magnetic field by measuring the magnetic resonance signal passing through a rubidium atomic gas cell. The quality of the magnetic resonance signal is a necessary condition for a magnetometer to achieve high sensitivity. In this research, to obtain the best magnetic resonance signal of rubidium laser OPMs in the Earth’s magnetic field intensity, the experiment system of rubidium laser OPMs is built with a rubidium atomic gas cell as the core component. The linewidth and amplitude ratio (LAR) of magnetic resonance signals is utilized as the optimization objective function. The magnetic resonance signals of the magnetometer experiment system are experimentally measured for different laser frequencies, radio frequency (RF) intensities, laser powers, and atomic gas cell temperatures in a background magnetic field of 50,765 nT. The experimental results indicate that optimizing these parameters can reduce the LAR by one order of magnitude. This shows that the optimal parameter combination can effectively improve the sensitivity of the magnetometer. The sensitivity defined using the noise spectral density measured under optimal experimental parameters is 1.5 pT/Hz1/2@1 Hz. This work will provide key technical support for rubidium laser OPMs’ product development.
In order to measure a weak alternating magnetic field, an optically-pumped Rb magnetometer based on pump-probe structure is investigated and demonstrated. The pumping light and probing light propagate along the z axis and x axis, respectively. A constant polarization magnetic field along the pumping light is applied, which not only stabilizes the polarization of Rb atoms but also tunes resonance frequency of Rb atoms. When a weak alternating magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the constant magnetic field, the magnetic moment will tip off the z axis and rotate around the z axis. And then the polarization plane of probing light is modulated correspondingly. The x component of the magnetic moment can be obtained with a balanced detector. As a result, a signal proportional to weak alternating magnetic field can be obtained.In order to obtain the magnetic response of the magnetometer, we analyze the signal amplitude as a function of polarization magnetic field strength B0 and transverse relaxation time 2 with numerical simulation. The amplitude-frequency response of the magnetometer is determined mainly by two parameters, namely cutoff frequency c=1/2 and resonance frequency 0= B0, where is the gyromagnetic ratio of Rb atom. At low frequency, that is a0 and a 0c2, the magnetometer has a flat response, here a is the frequency of the weak alternating magnetic field. If 0c, the signal amplitude will be large for large 0 or small c. For a given c, the peak response appears at 0=c. In the vicinity of resonance frequency, if c0, a peak will appear and if c 0, no peak occurs. At high frequency, the amplitude will decrease with the increase of a.We verify the above analyses in experiment. A vapor cell with a short transverse relaxation time is used to obtain large frequency response bandwidth. Through optimizing the powers and frequencies of pumping laser and probing laser, high polarization and detection sensitivity of atomic spin can be obtained. Moreover, through choosing an appropriate polarization magnetic field, the magnetometer can be maximally sensitive to the magnetic field to be measured. The experimental results show that the magnetometer has a sensitivity of about m 0.2; pT/HzHz and bandwidth of about 3.5 kHz. It can be used to detect low field magnetic resonance and high frequency abnormal physical phenomena.