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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Tailoring the chiral magnetic interaction between two individual atoms

Jens Wiebe, Alexander Ako Khajetoorians, Manuel Steinbrecher, Markus Ternes, Mohammed Bouhassoune, Manuel dos Santos Dias, Samir Lounis, R. Wiesendanger

Published Mar 18, 2016• 0 citations
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Abstract The realization and detection of chiral physics with ultracold atomic gases provide a unique path for the exploration of topological phases. Here, we show that the interplay of magnetic field and interacting particles in an extended two-leg ladder leads to rich chiral Bloch dynamics. Considering both the on-site contact interaction and nearest-neighbor interactions, the ground state and Bloch dynamics of the system are studied analytically and numerically. When the system is in the ground state, the threshold and phase diagram for the transition between zero-momentum state and plane-wave state are analytically obtained, showing the nearest-neighbor interactions along the legs and rungs have opposite impact on the ground state transition, providing new opportunity to manipulate the ground state transition. When the ladder is perturbated under an external linear force, chiral dephasing of Bloch oscillations (BOs), i.e. symmetry breaking damped BOs (the damping rate of BOs on one leg is larger than the other), are observed. This chirality is absent for vanishing the magnetic field and atomic interaction. Particularly, the chirality of damped BOs is inversed when the magnetic field (chiral current) is inversed. In addition, the damping of BOs induced by different types of atomic interactions is different, and the strength and damping rate of BOs initialized in different ground states are distinct, offering dynamic ways to detect the different ground states. Furthermore, the persistent chiral Bloch oscillations observed in single particle case is predicted analytically, which is a crucial requirement for observation and application of chiral BOs in nonlinear regime. Our results provide an interesting path towards the exploration of topological atomic superfluids.

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We employ collisions of individual atomic cesium (Cs) impurities with an ultracold rubidium (Rb) gas to probe atomic interaction with hyperfine- and Zeeman-state sensitivity. Controlling the Rb bath's internal state yields access to novel phenomena observed in interatomic spin exchange. These can be tailored at ultralow energies, owing to the excellent experimental control over all relevant energy scales. First, detecting spin-exchange dynamics in the Cs hyperfine-state manifold, we resolve a series of previously unreported Feshbach resonances at magnetic fields below 300 mG, separated by energies as low as h×15 kHz. The series originates from a coupling to molecular states with binding energies below h×1 kHz and wave function extensions in the micrometer range. Second, at magnetic fields below ≈100 mG, we observe the emergence of a new reaction path for alkali atoms, where in a single, direct collision between two atoms two quanta of angular momentum can be transferred. This path originates from the hyperfine analog of dipolar spin-spin relaxation. Our work yields control of subtle ultralow-energy features of atomic collision dynamics, opening new routes for advanced state-to-state chemistry, for controlling spin exchange in quantum many-body systems for solid-state simulations, or for determination of high-precision molecular potentials.

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Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in ultracold atoms is engineered by light-atom interaction, such as two-photon Raman transitions between two Zeeman spin states. In this paper, we propose and experimentally realize chiral Raman coupling to generate SOC in ultracold atomic gases, which exhibits high quantization axis direction dependence. Chiral Raman coupling for SOC is created by chiral light-atom interaction, in which a circularly polarized electromagnetic field generated by two Raman lasers interacts with two Zeeman spin states $\ensuremath{\delta}{m}_{F}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ (chiral transition). We present a simple scheme of chiral one-dimensional (1D) Raman coupling by employing two Raman lasers at an intersecting angle ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ with the proper polarization configuration. In this case, Raman coupling for SOC exists in one direction of the magnetic quantization axis and disappears in the opposite direction. Then we extend this scheme into a chiral two-dimensional (2D) optical square Raman lattice configuration to generate the 1D SOC. There are two orthogonal 1D SOCs, which exist in the positive and negative directions of the magnetic quantization axis respectively. This case is compared with 2D SOC based on the nonchiral 2D optical Raman lattice scheme for studying the topological energy band. This paper broadens the horizon for understanding chiral physics and simulating topological quantum systems.

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Novel Phases and Chiral Interactions in Spin-1 Magnets

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 9, 2018•0 citations
Abstract The realization and detection of chiral physics with ultracold atomic gases provide a unique path for the exploration of topological phases. Here, we show that the interplay of magnetic field and interacting particles in an extended two-leg ladder leads to rich chiral Bloch dynamics. Considering both the on-site contact interaction and nearest-neighbor interactions, the ground state and Bloch dynamics of the system are studied analytically and numerically. When the system is in the ground state, the threshold and phase diagram for the transition between zero-momentum state and plane-wave state are analytically obtained, showing the nearest-neighbor interactions along the legs and rungs have opposite impact on the ground state transition, providing new opportunity to manipulate the ground state transition. When the ladder is perturbated under an external linear force, chiral dephasing of Bloch oscillations (BOs), i.e. symmetry breaking damped BOs (the damping rate of BOs on one leg is larger than the other), are observed. This chirality is absent for vanishing the magnetic field and atomic interaction. Particularly, the chirality of damped BOs is inversed when the magnetic field (chiral current) is inversed. In addition, the damping of BOs induced by different types of atomic interactions is different, and the strength and damping rate of BOs initialized in different ground states are distinct, offering dynamic ways to detect the different ground states. Furthermore, the persistent chiral Bloch oscillations observed in single particle case is predicted analytically, which is a crucial requirement for observation and application of chiral BOs in nonlinear regime. Our results provide an interesting path towards the exploration of topological atomic superfluids.
We employ collisions of individual atomic cesium (Cs) impurities with an ultracold rubidium (Rb) gas to probe atomic interaction with hyperfine- and Zeeman-state sensitivity. Controlling the Rb bath's internal state yields access to novel phenomena observed in interatomic spin exchange. These can be tailored at ultralow energies, owing to the excellent experimental control over all relevant energy scales. First, detecting spin-exchange dynamics in the Cs hyperfine-state manifold, we resolve a series of previously unreported Feshbach resonances at magnetic fields below 300 mG, separated by energies as low as h×15 kHz. The series originates from a coupling to molecular states with binding energies below h×1 kHz and wave function extensions in the micrometer range. Second, at magnetic fields below ≈100 mG, we observe the emergence of a new reaction path for alkali atoms, where in a single, direct collision between two atoms two quanta of angular momentum can be transferred. This path originates from the hyperfine analog of dipolar spin-spin relaxation. Our work yields control of subtle ultralow-energy features of atomic collision dynamics, opening new routes for advanced state-to-state chemistry, for controlling spin exchange in quantum many-body systems for solid-state simulations, or for determination of high-precision molecular potentials.
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in ultracold atoms is engineered by light-atom interaction, such as two-photon Raman transitions between two Zeeman spin states. In this paper, we propose and experimentally realize chiral Raman coupling to generate SOC in ultracold atomic gases, which exhibits high quantization axis direction dependence. Chiral Raman coupling for SOC is created by chiral light-atom interaction, in which a circularly polarized electromagnetic field generated by two Raman lasers interacts with two Zeeman spin states $\ensuremath{\delta}{m}_{F}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ (chiral transition). We present a simple scheme of chiral one-dimensional (1D) Raman coupling by employing two Raman lasers at an intersecting angle ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ with the proper polarization configuration. In this case, Raman coupling for SOC exists in one direction of the magnetic quantization axis and disappears in the opposite direction. Then we extend this scheme into a chiral two-dimensional (2D) optical square Raman lattice configuration to generate the 1D SOC. There are two orthogonal 1D SOCs, which exist in the positive and negative directions of the magnetic quantization axis respectively. This case is compared with 2D SOC based on the nonchiral 2D optical Raman lattice scheme for studying the topological energy band. This paper broadens the horizon for understanding chiral physics and simulating topological quantum systems.