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Magnetic bistability in single atoms

Luca Persichetti, Fabio Donati, S. Rusponi, Sebastian Stepanow, Christian Wäckerlin, Aparajita Singha, Romana Baltic, K M Diller, Edgar Fernandes, F. Patthey, Jan Gui‐Hyon Dreiser, Željko Šljivančanin, K. Kummer, Corneliu Nistor, Pietro Gambardella, Harald Brune

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
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Summary form only given. Photon antibunching is a prime example of quantum fluctuations of the electrodynamic field of resonance fluorescence. In the entangled atom-photon system it is complementally accompanied by transient atomic Rabi oscillations. Polarization resolved resonance fluorescence reveals an analogous phenomenon which can be interpreted as magnetic bistability at the microscopic level. We have subjected a single trapped Cs atom to a 3d-/spl sigma//sup +//spl sigma//sup -/-light field with local linear polarization. An atom in steady state at rest has vanishing magnetization, (m)=0. The observation of very strong anticorrelations for left/right handed photons with a contrast up to 62% and relaxation times of several /spl mu/s can be interpreted as a bistable, spontaneous formation of magnetization in the atom. The detection of the first photon causes projection onto a new state with (m)>0 which creates an unbalanced coupling to the circularly polarized components forming the linearly polarized field. Subsequently the atom is preferentially pumped into a stable stretched m-state. Unidirectional sequential photon absorption is responsible for acceleration (heating), while motion induced optical pumping causes a redistribution of Zeeman sublevels. Relaxation times are compatible with temperatures describing the time scale of atomic motion over a wavelength.
In this paper, we study the formation of optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) in a degenerate four-level atomic system by an external magnetic field that is excited by a probe laser field, a coupling laser field and a signal laser field. The coupling field can cause electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the probe field in the atomic medium, while the signal field and/or external magnetic field can switch between single-EIT and two-EIT regimes. Based on these properties, OB and OM effects can be formed at two different frequency regions of the probe field (two channels). By adjusting the magnetic field or the intensity and the frequency of laser fields, the threshold intensity and the width of OB or OM can also be changed simply. The model can be useful for experimental observations and applications in modern photonic devices.
We study control of the Kerr nonlinearity and two-channel magneto-optical switching based on optical bistability behavior in a degenerate Y-type four-level atom system under a static magnetic field. This excitation configuration can provide two transparent spectral regions on the probe absorption profile. It can be transitioned between the transparency and absorption regimes by turning on or off the magnetic field in different frequency domains. We can effortlessly transform single- to double-transparency windows, and vice versa, by adjusting the strength/direction of the magnetic field. The investigations showed the enhancement of the Kerr nonlinearity around single/double-EIT windows, thereby creating single/two-channel optical bistability in these frequency regions. Particularly, flexible high-efficiency two-channel magneto-optical switching can be made based on optical bistability behavior with fixed cavity input at different frequency regions. Additionally, the coupling field intensity and the probe frequency detuning have also significantly influenced the absorption spectrum, Kerr nonlinearity, and optical bistability. The proposed model is a representative application for optical switching, storage, and nonlinear logic gates in optical communications.