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Journal of Luminescence

Electromagnetically induced intrinsic bistability at the atomic level

O. Guillot-Noël, Philippe Goldner, Marina N. Popova

Published Feb 16, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.01.038

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We have experimentally studied the optical bistable behavior in an optical ring cavity filled with a collection of three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type rubidium atoms, interacting with two collinearly propagating laser beams. The bistability so observed is very sensitive to the induced atomic coherence in this electromagnetically induced transparency system or consequently to the altered nonlinearity in the system and, thus, can easily be controlled by changing the intensity and the frequency detuning of the coupling field.

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We analyze fluctuation effects of a squeezed electromagnetic reservoir (also termed squeezed vacuum, or SV) on the phenomenon of intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) in a dense collection of two-level atoms. A quantum statistical treatment is developed in the limit of a bad cavity and large dephasing in the medium. Under these conditions we obtain a single operator Langevin equation for the atomic inversion by adiabatic elimination of the atomic polarization variables. By using Ito calculus, the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is derived, the stationary solution of which yields the probability distribution function for the bistable system as a function of the inversion. In a narrow region of transition, the probability distribution is double peaked with the two peaks corresponding to two metastable states in IOB. Quantum fluctuations can induce the system to jump randomly from one metastable state to the other with certain characteristic (passage) times. Squeezed quantum noise (as in the SV) is found to result in drastic alteration of the intrinsic bistable behavior of the system. Interestingly, the probability distribution and the passage times now exhibit critical dependence on the relative phase between the external driving field and the squeezed vacuum.
The effect of correlated white noises on the optical bistability behavior of three-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated. Noise-induced bistability is demonstrated in an atomic optical bistable system consisting of three-level atoms in Λ-type configurations confined in an optical ring cavity. The output field as a result of enhanced Kerr nonlinearity induced by atomic coherence in the electromagnetically induced transparency system is variable due to the noises in laser parameters and the cooperativity parameter. Therefore, noise is mainly responsible for such induced bistability in the system. It is found that with the cross-correlation noises, the hysteresis loop of optical bistability can be clearly expanded in comparison with the deterministic case and the atomic system could show multistability behavior. This is specifically considerable for positive cross-correlated noises where it could expand the domain of the hysteresis loop. In the presented atomic system the numerical result shows that noise can induce bistability in the absence of spontaneously generated coherence. Furthermore, it is salient that the noise could induce bistability when the system is below its deterministic threshold for bistability.
We have experimentally studied the optical bistable behavior in an optical ring cavity filled with a collection of three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type rubidium atoms, interacting with two collinearly propagating laser beams. The bistability so observed is very sensitive to the induced atomic coherence in this electromagnetically induced transparency system or consequently to the altered nonlinearity in the system and, thus, can easily be controlled by changing the intensity and the frequency detuning of the coupling field.