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Journal of Changsha University of Science & Technology

A New Protocol of Quantum Secret Sharing

Yang Wu

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new protocol of quantum secret sharing for single qubit through an entangled W state is proposed.Besides,two protocols of quantum secret sharing for two qubits are also put forward: one protocol is based on a four-particle GHZ state,the other is based on a five-particle GHZ state.

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Since the first quantum secret sharing protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states was presented by Hillery et al, dozens of quantum secret sharing protocols based on different entangled states (e.g. Bell states, d-level Bell states and GHZ states, etc) and product states have been developed. In this paper, we present a quantum secret sharing protocol, in which the genuinely maximally entangled six-qubit states, which was found recently by Borras et al, are used. An ordinary entangled state such as a Bell state or a GHZ state, etc can be used to share at most only one bit. However, according to our protocol, Alice can share three bits among three parties by a six-qubit state, which shows that our protocol is more efficient than any previous protocol.
In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme based on GHZ entangled state. The participants in this scheme are divided into two groups, and share secrets as a group. There is no need to exchange any measurement information between the two groups, reducing the security problems caused by the communication process. Each participant holds one particle from each GHZ state; it can be found that the particles of each GHZ state are related after measuring them, and the eavesdropping detection can detect external attacks based on this characteristic. Furthermore, since the participants within the two groups encode the measured particles, they can recover the same secrets. Security analysis shows that the protocol can resist the intercept-and-resend attack and entanglement measurement attack, and the simulation results show that the probability of an external attacker being detected is proportional to the amount of information he can obtain. Compared with the existing protocols, this proposed protocol is more secure, has less quantum resources and is more practical.
After analyzing the main quantum secret sharing protocol based on the GHZ-state, we propose the idea to directly encode the qubit of quantum key distributions, and then present a quantum secret sharing scheme where only product states are employed. As entanglement, especially the inaccessible multi-entangled state, is not necessary in the present quantum secret sharing protocol, it may be more applicable when the number of the parties of secret sharing is large. Its theoretic efficiency is also doubled to approach 100%.