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Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

Design of Mode-cleaner for Quantum Remote Sensing

FU Xiangb

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Squeezed light is light source in the experiment of quantum remote sensing. A mode-cleaner, which can suppress frequency fluctuations of the fundamental mode and attenuate the higher order modes, is required for generating squeezed light. In this paper, an optical mode-cleaner with three mirrors ring structure is designed and its consequence on the suppression of higher order modes is characterized. And by means of simulation we optimize the parameters of the mode cleaner. The designed mode-cleaner whose bandwidth is 1.4MHz is able to reduce the suppression of the higher order modes by 12 dB. The mode-cleaner will be constructed and commissioned in the experiment of quantum remote sensing.

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Squeezed light is light source in the experiment of quantum remote sensing. A mode-cleaner, which can suppress frequency fluctuations of the fundamental mode and attenuate the higher order modes, is required for generating squeezed light. In this paper, an optical mode-cleaner with three mirrors ring structure is designed and its consequence on the suppression of higher order modes is characterized. And by means of simulation we optimize the parameters of the mode cleaner. The designed mode-cleaner whose bandwidth is 1.4MHz is able to reduce the suppression of the higher order modes by 12 dB. The mode-cleaner will be constructed and commissioned in the experiment of quantum remote sensing.
A mode cleaner optical cavity is a resonator that can be tuned to transmit a desired transverse mode present in the incoming beam, suppressing all the others. We present the optical design of a suited input mode cleaner for a small-scale Michelson interferometer, called SIPS (Suspended Interferometer for Ponderomotive Squeezing). The physical goal is to feed SIPS with a beam with a Gaussian profile, which also ensures a highly focused beam along the propagation axis. The SIPS mode cleaner has been designed to have a maximum circulating power of 130W, and to deliver a transmitted power of at least 2.5W in input of SIPS interferometer. It guarantees a suppression factor of at least 20 dB for every tested higher order mode. This work is framed within the implementation of a table-top optical experiment to test the broadband Quantum Noise reduction in the SIPS sensitivity curve, via frequency-dependent squeezing achieved by employing Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quantum entangled states of light.
As a combination of laser technology and modern photoelectric detection technology, lidar (laser radar) has notable advantages compared with traditional radar such as high resolution, strong anti-interference ability, and good low-altitude detection performance. However, with continuous application in aerospace, military, artificial intelligence and other fields, lidar has reached the limits of classical physics and can’t meet the requirements in detection, measurement and imaging. In order to break the bottleneck, worldwide researchers have developed a new type of radar-quantum lidar, which is based on the combination of traditional radar technology and quantum information technology. Its main principle is to get imaging through squeezed light that is below the noise limit of classical physics and then manipulated by the quantum state to achieve imaging with higher quality. Quantum lidar in the paper injects quantum squeezed light to receiver end and uses quantum phase-sensitive amplifier technology to compensate the photon loss that caused by insufficient quantum power to further improve resolution. In the squeezed light, the generation of quantum squeezed light and detection theory are studied, the resonant cavity locking principle and balanced homodyne detection principle are analyzed, and a mode cleaner with narrow line width is designed to improve beam transverse mode quality of laser and filter high frequency noise. In order to reduce quantum noise and improve resolution, quantum lidar imaging system is developed and the theoretically derivation and numerical simulation results show that the resolution of quantum lidar imaging is 1.71 times higher than that of lidar imaging.
Mirror thermal noise will be a main limitation for the sensitivities of the next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors (Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer) at signal frequencies around 100 Hz. Using a higher-order spatial laser mode instead of the fundamental mode is one proposed method to further mitigate mirror thermal noise. In the current detectors, quantum noise is successfully reduced by the injection of squeezed vacuum states. The operation in a higher-order mode would then require the efficient generation of squeezed vacuum states in this mode to maintain a high quantum noise reduction. In our setup, we generate continuous-wave squeezed states at a wavelength of 1064 nm in the fundamental and three higher-order Hermite-Gaussian modes up to a mode order of 6 using a type-I optical parametric amplifier. We present a significant milestone with a quantum noise reduction of up to 10 dB at a measurement frequency of 4 MHz in the higher-order modes and pave the way for their usage in future gravitational-wave detectors as well as in other quantum noise limited experiments.
We started to research quantum illumination radar and quantum imaging by utilizing high quality continuous-wave two-mode squeezed light source as a quantum entanglement resource. Two-mode squeezed light is a macroscopic quantum entangled state of the electro-magnetic field and shows strong correlation between quadrature phase amplitudes of each optical field. One of the most effective methods to generate two-mode squeezed light is combining two independent single-mode squeezed lights by using a beam splitter with relative phase of 90 degrees between each optical field. As a first stage of our work we are developing two-mode squeezed light source for exploring the possibility of quantum illumination radar and quantum imaging. In this article we introduce current development of experimental investigation of single-mode squeezed light. We utilize a sub-threshold optical parametric oscillator with bow-tie configuration which includes a periodically-polled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal as a nonlinear optical medium. We observed the noise level of squeezed quadrature −3.08±0.13 dB and anti-squeezed quadrature at 9.29±0.13 dB, respectively. We also demonstrated the remote tuning of squeezing level of the light source which leads to the technology for tuning the quantum entanglement in order to adapt to the actual environmental condition.
We studied the energy distribution mechanism of quantum, essence of quantum and generation process of quantum, based on light string theory. Next, we carried out monochromatic quantum imaging experiments, and proposed using squeezed light fields to improve imaging resolution. We primarily study generation and control methods of squeezed lights, sideband frequency-locking technique of quantum imaging, and design methods of mode cleaners for squeezed light, and optical design for squeezed light. Finally, we compared the resolution of quantum imaging and laser imaging. The physical imaging control experiment of the XIOPM character board verified that squeezed light could improve imaging resolution. The USAF 1951 resolution test showed that the resolution of quantum imaging was improved significantly with the increase of the degree of compressibility of squeezed light. The results of the Wedge resolution test card control experiments showed that the resolution of quantum imaging is much higher than that of the laser imaging.