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Hu'nan Shifan Daxue xuebao. Ziran kexue ban

Design of the Multi-Channel Coincidence Counter Based on FPGA

Ye Hu

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Based on FPGA a multi-channel coincidence counter is designed,in which the setting of window time is integrated in FPGA in order to improve the integration of the system. Furthermore,the coincidence counting experiment is conducted by using signal generator to simulate the pulse signal produced by single photo detector. Results show that the error of measurement is 0. 02%,and it can be used to judge the entangled photon pairs.

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Based on FPGA a multi-channel coincidence counter is designed,in which the setting of window time is integrated in FPGA in order to improve the integration of the system. Furthermore,the coincidence counting experiment is conducted by using signal generator to simulate the pulse signal produced by single photo detector. Results show that the error of measurement is 0. 02%,and it can be used to judge the entangled photon pairs.
Coincidence counting is widely used in quantum optics.It could be used in measuring the pairs of polarization entangled photons and single photon interference.In quantum experiments,coincidence counting often needs more than 3 channels.In this case,it is necessary to use FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array) instead of discrete logic chips.FPGA also has the advantage of low cost and small size.Coincidence counter based on FPGA could support coincidence time window from 1 ns to several hundred ns.This helps to avoid noised caused by background light.This paper introduces the principle of multi-channel coincidence counter based on FPGA and gives its performance experimentally with two single photon counting modules.
Coincidence counters play the role of gating events from the background noise in almost every quantum photonics setup. Precise multi-channel and high count-rate coincidence counting tools have become desirable due to an increase in the complexity of quantum photonics experiments. However, timing analyzers are struggling to meet these needs. We are proposing a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based coincidence counting system which provides 8 operational channels with 8.9 ps root mean square (RMS) resolution (with a bin width of 7.7 ps) and a count-rate of 320 million counts per second (MCPS) (with 40 MCPS per channel). We have successfully tested our design in different quantum photonics scenarios such as the detection of two-photon interference and pseudo-photon-number resolving detection of a coherent state of light where it has shown its capability of working beyond the saturation of detectors. Also, we have introduced a Dual Data Rate Registration TDC, which improved the linearity of the time tagging operation by using both clock edges without increasing the dead-time or using the space excessively. 1.2 LSB in max DNL error, 1.8 LSB in max INL error, 10 ps in FWHM and 3.2 ps in RMS resolution improvements were achieved.
This paper presents a 20-channel coincidence counting unit (CCU) using a low-end field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The architecture of the CCU can be configured arbitrarily to measure from twofold to twentyfold coincidence counts thanks to a multifold controllable architecture, which can be easily manipulated by a graphical user interface (GUI) program. In addition, it provides up to 20 of each input signal count simultaneously. The experimental results show twentyfold coincidence counts with the resolution occurring in a less than 0.5 ns coincidence window. This CCU has appropriate characteristics for various quantum optics experiments using multi-photon qubits.
We present results characterizing multichannel InGaAs single photon detectors utilizing gated passive quenching circuits (GPQC), self-differencing techniques, and field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based logic for both diode gating and coincidence counting. Utilizing FPGAs for the diode gating frontend and the logic counting backend has the advantage of low cost compared to custom built logic circuits and current off-the-shelf detector technology. Further, FPGA logic counters have been shown to work well in quantum key distribution (QKD) test beds. Our setup combines multiple independent detector channels in a reconfigurable manner via an FPGA backend and post processing in order to perform coincidence measurements between any two or more detector channels simultaneously. Using this method, states from a multi-photon polarization entangled source are detected and characterized via coincidence counting on the FPGA. Photons detection events are also processed by the quantum information toolkit for application testing (QITKAT).
We report on an electronic coincidence detection circuit for quantum photonic applications implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which records each the time separation between detection events coming from single-photon detectors. We achieve a coincidence window as narrow as 500 ps with a series of optimizations on a readily-available and affordable FPGA development board. Our implementation allows real-time visualization of coincidence measurements for multiple coincidence window widths simultaneously. To demonstrate the advantage of our high-resolution visualization, we certified the generation of polarized entangled photons by collecting data from multiple coincidence windows with minimal accidental counts, obtaining a violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality by more than 338 standard deviations. Our results have shown the applicability of our electronic design in the field of quantum information.