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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Three-photon interactions and spin exchange in a quantum nonlinear medium

Sergio Cantu, Qiyu Liang, Jeff Thompson, Travis Nicholson, Aditya V. Venkatramani, Michael J. Gullans, Alexey Vyacheslavovich Gorshkov, Soonwon Choi, Mikhail D. Lukin, Vladan Vuletić

Published May 26, 2016• 0 citations
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•Jul 3, 2016•0 citations
A three-level atomic medium can be made transparent to a resonant probe field in the presence of a strong control field acting on an adjacent atomic transition to a long-lived state, which can be represented by a highly excited Rydberg state. The long-range interactions between the Rydberg state atoms then translate into strong, non-local, dispersive or absorptive interactions between the probe photons, which can be used to achieve deterministic quantum logic gates and single photon sources. Here we show that long-range dipole–dipole exchange interaction with one or more spins—two-level systems represented by atoms in suitable Rydberg states—can play the role of control field for the optically dense medium of atoms. This induces transparency of the medium for a number of probe photons n p not exceeding the number of spins n s , while all the excess photons are resonantly absorbed upon propagation. In the most practical case of a single spin atom prepared in the Rydberg state, the medium is thus transparent only to a single input probe photon. For larger number of spins n s , all n p ≤ n s photon components of the probe field would experience transparency but with an n p -dependent group velocity.
The resonance radiation trapping operators are constructed for a two-isotope excited atom ensemble allowing for interisotope resonance photon exchange. The nonlinear polarizability of a ring-laser medium is calculated using the strong collision model and an expression is obtained which relates the exchange parameter with the isotope shift due to the resonance transition and with the trapping parameter. Relationships are derived and analyzed for the nonlinear self-interaction and interaction parameters of the opposite waves under complete exchange conditions by accurately solving a system of kinetic equations.
A three-level atomic medium can be made transparent to a resonant probe field in the presence of a strong control field acting on an adjacent atomic transition. We show that long-range dipole-dipole exchange interaction with one or more spins -- two-level systems represented by atoms in suitable Rydberg states -- can play the role of control field for the optically-dense medium of atoms. This induces transparency of the medium for a number of probe photons npn_pnp​ not exceeding the number of spins nsn_sns​, while all the excess photons are resonantly absorbed upon propagation. In the case of a single spin atom prepared in the Rydberg state, the medium is thus transparent only to a single input probe photon. For larger number of spins nsn_sns​, all np≤nsn_p \leq n_snp​≤ns​ photon components of the probe field experience transparency but with an npn_pnp​-dependent group velocity.