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International Conference on Civil, Structure and Environmental Engineering

One-dimensional periodic metallic structures and its dark hollow lattices by surface plasmons

Yaru Wang, Qingya Liu, Xinzhi Hu, Weiyang Tong, Zhengling Wang

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme to generate one-dimensional (1D) dark hollow lattices to trap and guide cold atoms periodically at the nanometer scale by surface plasmons (SP) excited on the periodic metallic strips (arrays) with the blue-detuned light.Intensity and optical potential in the trap are calculated by Comsol method, and it shows that closed contour lines of SP intensity and optical potential can realize the effective trapping and guiding of cold atoms in our 1D lattices.Cold atoms are trapped in the region with a section diameter about 30 nm, by which the trap has a large intensity gradient (> 3 13 m W 10 ).

DOI
10.2991/i3csee-16.2016.37

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We propose a scheme to generate one-dimensional (1D) dark hollow lattices to trap and guide cold atoms periodically at the nanometer scale by surface plasmons (SP) excited on the periodic metallic strips (arrays) with the blue-detuned light.Intensity and optical potential in the trap are calculated by Comsol method, and it shows that closed contour lines of SP intensity and optical potential can realize the effective trapping and guiding of cold atoms in our 1D lattices.Cold atoms are trapped in the region with a section diameter about 30 nm, by which the trap has a large intensity gradient (> 3 13 m W 10 ).
We propose a novel scheme to guide neutral cold atoms in a nanoscale region based on surface plasmons (SPs) of one pair and two pairs of tips of metallic wedges with locally enhanced light intensity and sub-optical wavelength resolution. We analyze the near-field intensity distribution of the tip of the metallic wedge by the FDTD method, and study the total intensity as well as the total potential of optical potentials and van der Waals potentials for 87Rb atoms in the light field of one pair and two pairs of tips of metallic wedges. It shows that the total potentials of one pair and two pairs of tips of metallic wedges can generate a gravito-optical trap and a dark closed trap for nanoscale guiding of neutral cold atoms. Guided atoms can be cooled with efficient intensity-gradient Sisyphus cooling by blue-detuned light field. This provides an important step towards the generation of hybrid systems consisting of isolated atoms and solid devices.
We propose a new scheme to guide cold atoms (or molecules) by using a one-dimensional (1D) array of focused hollow-beam pipes generated by the combination of a binary phase grating and a 1D array of micro-cylindrical lenses on the substrate surface. We also calculate the intensity distribution of the focused hollow-beam pipe array and its optical potential for 85 Rb atoms. The result shows that when the blue detuning of the incident beam and its intensity are 10 GHz and 7.0×10 3 W/m 2 respectively, the horizontal dark spot size of each focused hollow-beam pipe and the efficient optical potential are 4.4 μm and ~0.23 mK, which is high enough to guide cold 85 Rb atoms (~20 μK) from a standard optical molasses and then to realize the 1D array of surface atomic waveguides on an atom chip.
Ultracold atom-traps on a chip enhances the practical application of atom traps in quantum information processing, sensing, and metrology. Plasmon mediated near-field optical potentials are promising for trapping atoms. The combination of plasmonic nanostructures and ultracold atoms has the potential to create a two dimensional array of neutral atoms with lattice spacing smaller than that of lattices created from interfering light fields -- the optical lattices. We report the design, fabrication and characterization of a nano-scale array of near-field optical traps for neutral atoms using plasmonic nanostructures. The building block of the array is a metallic nano-disc fabricated on the surface of an ITO-coated glass substrate. We numerically simulate the electromagnetic field-distribution using Finite Difference Time Domain method around the nanodisc, and calculate the intensity, optical potential and the dipole force for 87^{87}87Rb atoms. The optical near-field generated from the fabricated nanostructures is experimentally characterized by using Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy. We find that the optical potential and dipole force has all the desired characteristics to trap cold atoms when a blue-detuned light-field is used to excite the nanostructures. This trap can be used for effective trapping and manipulation of isolated atoms and also for creating a lattice of neutral atoms having sub-optical wavelength lattice spacing. Near-field measurements are affected by the influence of tip on the sub-wavelength structure. We present a deconvolution method to extract the actual near-field profile from the measured data.
In this paper, we propose a new scheme to form an array of surface hollow optical micro-traps for cold atoms (or molecules) by using a phase grating with four phase steps and an array of microlens, study the intensity distribution of 2D array of surface hollow optical micro-traps, and calculate the corresponding optical potential for cold 85Rb atoms, and discuss some potential applications of our hollow micro-trap array in atom and molecule optics. Our study shows that when our grating-lens system is illuminated by YAG laser with a power of 1W, a 2D array of surface hollow optical traps with 104 micro-wells will be generated in an area of 1cm2. Each optical trap has some novel characteristics, such as smaller trapping volume, higher effective intensity and its intensity gradient. The corresponding optical potential for trapped 85Rb atoms can reach 190μK, which is high enough to trap cold atoms or cold molecules, and can be used to realize an all-optical atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensations, even to prepare novel optical lattices, and so on.
We propose a new scheme to form 1D or 2D arrays of hollow optical microtraps for cold atoms, molecules, or microscopy particles on a chip by using an optical system composed of a four-step phase grating and a 2D array of microlenses. We calculate the intensity distribution of the 2D array of the hollow optical microtraps and its optical potential for 85Rb atoms and discuss its potential applications in atom and molecule optics. Our study shows that when our optical system is illuminated by a 1 W Ti:Sapphire laser, 103 hollow optical microtraps can be generated. Each optical microtrap has a small trapping volume and a high effective intensity, and its intensity gradient and the optical dipole potential for 85Rb atoms can reach 167 μK. Characteristic parameters of each optical microtrap can be changed by adjusting the parameters of our optical system, which can be used to satisfy real needs of various experiments to manipulate and control cold atoms, molecules, or microscopy particles.
We propose a novel scheme to guide cold atoms using a blue-detuned TE 01 doughnut mode in a hollow metallic waveguide, calculate the electromagnetic field distribution of the TE 01 mode in the hollow metallic waveguide, and compare the attenuation characters of the EH 11 and TE 01 mode in the hollow metallic waveguide. We also calculate the optical potential of the TE 01 doughnut mode for two-level 85 Rb atoms and estimate the photon scattering rate. It is found that when the detuning δ = 300 GHz, the photon scattering induced heating can be neglected, and the optical potential ( U max ≈570 mK) of the TE 01 mode is high enough to load cold atoms (120 μK) from a standard magneto-optical trap and to guide them in the hollow metallic waveguide, which is a desirable scheme to realize a computer-controlled atom lithography with an arbitrary pattern.