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Acta Physica Sinica

A novel array of surface hollow optical micro-traps

Ji Xian-Ming, Renwang Mu, Yin Jianping, (1)教育部光谱学与波谱学重点实验室，华东师范大学物理系，上海 200062; (2)南通大学理学院，南通 226007; (3)南通大学理学院，南通 226007;教育部光谱学与波谱学重点实验室，华东师范大学物理系，上海 200062

Published Jan 1, 2005• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a new scheme to form an array of surface hollow optical micro-traps for cold atoms (or molecules) by using a phase grating with four phase steps and an array of microlens, study the intensity distribution of 2D array of surface hollow optical micro-traps, and calculate the corresponding optical potential for cold 85Rb atoms, and discuss some potential applications of our hollow micro-trap array in atom and molecule optics. Our study shows that when our grating-lens system is illuminated by YAG laser with a power of 1W, a 2D array of surface hollow optical traps with 104 micro-wells will be generated in an area of 1cm2. Each optical trap has some novel characteristics, such as smaller trapping volume, higher effective intensity and its intensity gradient. The corresponding optical potential for trapped 85Rb atoms can reach 190μK, which is high enough to trap cold atoms or cold molecules, and can be used to realize an all-optical atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensations, even to prepare novel optical lattices, and so on.

DOI
10.7498/aps.54.5109

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Chinese Physics Letters•Jul 1, 2004•2 citations
In this paper, we propose a new scheme to form an array of surface hollow optical micro-traps for cold atoms (or molecules) by using a phase grating with four phase steps and an array of microlens, study the intensity distribution of 2D array of surface hollow optical micro-traps, and calculate the corresponding optical potential for cold 85Rb atoms, and discuss some potential applications of our hollow micro-trap array in atom and molecule optics. Our study shows that when our grating-lens system is illuminated by YAG laser with a power of 1W, a 2D array of surface hollow optical traps with 104 micro-wells will be generated in an area of 1cm2. Each optical trap has some novel characteristics, such as smaller trapping volume, higher effective intensity and its intensity gradient. The corresponding optical potential for trapped 85Rb atoms can reach 190μK, which is high enough to trap cold atoms or cold molecules, and can be used to realize an all-optical atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensations, even to prepare novel optical lattices, and so on.
We propose a new scheme to form 1D or 2D arrays of hollow optical microtraps for cold atoms, molecules, or microscopy particles on a chip by using an optical system composed of a four-step phase grating and a 2D array of microlenses. We calculate the intensity distribution of the 2D array of the hollow optical microtraps and its optical potential for 85Rb atoms and discuss its potential applications in atom and molecule optics. Our study shows that when our optical system is illuminated by a 1 W Ti:Sapphire laser, 103 hollow optical microtraps can be generated. Each optical microtrap has a small trapping volume and a high effective intensity, and its intensity gradient and the optical dipole potential for 85Rb atoms can reach 167 μK. Characteristic parameters of each optical microtrap can be changed by adjusting the parameters of our optical system, which can be used to satisfy real needs of various experiments to manipulate and control cold atoms, molecules, or microscopy particles.
We propose a novel scheme to produce an array of micro-optical traps by using an optical system composed of a Damman grating and a spherical lens, which is illuminated by a red detuned Gaussian laser beam. We derive formulas to calculate the periodical structures of the micro-optical well arrays, and characteristics of each well, such as the spatial intensity distribution, intensity gradient, and geometrical parameters. Applications of our micro-optical traps in the fields of atom and molecule optics are briefly discussed. Our study shows that the proposed array of micro-optical wells can be used to trap cold atoms or cold molecules more efficiently than previous optical traps, even to prepare novel optical lattices.
We propose a novel scheme to form one- and two-dimensional arrays of double-well optical dipole traps for cold atoms (or molecules) by using an optical system composed of a binary π-phase grating and a lens illuminated by a plane light wave, and study the relationship between the maximum intensity Imax of each optical well (or the maximum trapping potential Umax for ^85Rb atoms) and the relative aperture β (= α/f) of the lens. We also calculate the intensity gradients of each optical well and their curvatures, and estimate the spontaneous photon-scattering rate of trapped atom in each well, including Rayleigh and Raman scattering rates. Our study shows that the proposed 1D and 2D arrays of double-well traps can be used to prepare 1D and 2D novel optical lattices with cold atoms (or molecules), or form an all-optically integrated atom optical chip, or even to realize an array of all-optical double-well atomic (or molecular) Bose-Einstein condensates by optical-potential evaporative cooling, and so on.
We propose a novel scheme to form one- and two-dimensional arrays of double-well optical dipole traps for cold atoms (or molecules) by using an optical system composed of a binary π-phase grating and a lens illuminated by a plane light wave, and study the relationship between the maximum intensity I max of each optical well (or the maximum trapping potential U max for 85 Rb atoms) and the relative aperture β ( = a / f ) of the lens. We also calculate the intensity gradients of each optical well and their curvatures, and estimate the spontaneous photon-scattering rate of trapped atom in each well, including Rayleigh and Raman scattering rates. Our study shows that the proposed 1D and 2D arrays of double-well traps can be used to prepare 1D and 2D novel optical lattices with cold atoms (or molecules), or form an all-optically integrated atom optical chip, or even to realize an array of all-optical double-well atomic (or molecular) Bose–Einstein condensates by optical-potential evaporative cooling, and so on.
We propose some new schemes to constitute two-dimensional (2D) array of multi-well optical dipole traps for cold atoms (or molecules) by using an optical system consisting of a binary 'pi'-phase grating and a 2D array of rectangle microlens. We calculate the intensity distribution of each optical well in 2D array of multi-well traps and its geometric parameters and so on. The proposed 2D array of multi-well traps can be used to form novel 2D optical lattices with cold atoms (or molecules), and form various novel optical crystals with cold atoms (or molecules), or to perform quantum computing and quantum information processing on an atom chip, even to realize an array of all-optical multi-well atomic (or molecular) Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) on an all-optical integrated atom (or molecule) chip.
We propose a new scheme to guide cold atoms (or molecules) by using a one-dimensional (1D) array of focused hollow-beam pipes generated by the combination of a binary phase grating and a 1D array of micro-cylindrical lenses on the substrate surface. We also calculate the intensity distribution of the focused hollow-beam pipe array and its optical potential for 85 Rb atoms. The result shows that when the blue detuning of the incident beam and its intensity are 10 GHz and 7.0×10 3 W/m 2 respectively, the horizontal dark spot size of each focused hollow-beam pipe and the efficient optical potential are 4.4 μm and ~0.23 mK, which is high enough to guide cold 85 Rb atoms (~20 μK) from a standard optical molasses and then to realize the 1D array of surface atomic waveguides on an atom chip.