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Optics and Precision Engineering

Realization and correction of coincidence counting setup used in correlated photon detection

吕亮 L Liang, 林延东 Lin Yandong

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With the aim to realize Quantum Efficiency(QE) measurement of photon detectors based on Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion(SPDC),two type of coincidence count systems were set up,the correction factors of coincidence count were analyzed and the real experimental methods of correction factors were given.Firstly,the principle of SPDC and the technique using SPDC to calibrate the QE of photo detectors were introduced.Then the design of two type of coincidence count systems,gated dual-photon counter coincidence count system and TAC/MCA coincidence count system,were introduced.Finally,the main correction factors,accidental coincidence,missing coincidence,dead time of counters and detectors were analyzed,and the calculation and test methods were also given.Experimental results show that the deviation between this two type of coincidence setups is less than 0.4% after correction,which indicates that the two setups can satisfy the requirement of QE measurement.

DOI
10.3788/ope.20111905.1005

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With the aim to realize Quantum Efficiency(QE) measurement of photon detectors based on Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion(SPDC),two type of coincidence count systems were set up,the correction factors of coincidence count were analyzed and the real experimental methods of correction factors were given.Firstly,the principle of SPDC and the technique using SPDC to calibrate the QE of photo detectors were introduced.Then the design of two type of coincidence count systems,gated dual-photon counter coincidence count system and TAC/MCA coincidence count system,were introduced.Finally,the main correction factors,accidental coincidence,missing coincidence,dead time of counters and detectors were analyzed,and the calculation and test methods were also given.Experimental results show that the deviation between this two type of coincidence setups is less than 0.4% after correction,which indicates that the two setups can satisfy the requirement of QE measurement.
This study discusses the correction factors in detection efficiency measurements based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) and coincidence counting. To address the coincidence loss induced by relative delays between two detection channels, this study proposes an accurate calculation analysis based on counting probability statistics derived from coincidence events. Additionally, an approximate method utilizing histograms and the photon count rate of detectors is proposed, which can effectively reduce the errors in coincidence loss corrections. Furthermore, the study discusses the dead time of single-photon detectors (SPDs) and proposes a weighted-average method applicable for correcting the influence of dead time.
A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm), diode-pumped, frequency-doubled, and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633, 702, and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel, the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed, and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.
A new method of absolute measurement of photodetector quantum efficiency based on spontaneous parametric down- conversion (SPDC) biphoton field is discussed. The process of SPDC is studied theoretically. The single photon detection probability and two-photon coincidence probability are derived and the measurement principle of photodetectors is explained. An experimental system has been set up. The quantum efficiency of a photon-counting photomultiplier tube was measured, and the results were compared with that obtained using conventional method.
Spontaneous parameter down-conversion is exploited as a tool for absolute quantum efficiency calibration of photon detectors working in the photon-counting regime. This paper innovatively proposes a quantum efficiency correction model by analyzing the effects of after-pulse, double channel bandwidth matching and other factors on double channel coincidence counting. This experimental system shows the minimum deviation of quantum efficiency is 0.17% and detector quantum efficiency calibration accuracy better than 1.23%. The development of this new radiation calibration technology will play an important role in the future space radiation reference source and high-precision satellite radiation calibration, quantum communication and low-light level fields, environmental monitoring and climate research programs.
The optical radiometric calibration method based on correlated photons generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is a promising method,because it is based on the basic physical phenomena and does not need radiometric traceability.At the present,the SPDC calibration technology is applicable for the photon-counting detector with a highest calibration accuracy of 0.18%.More and more researchers are making effort to improve its calibration accuracy and expand its applicable targets to analog detectors.Correlated photon circles have the high photon rate characteristic.The photon rates of signal and idle light can be improved significantly by using correlated photon circles in calibration.It has very important significance to study the time-correlation characteristic of correlated photon circles. In this paper,the spatial distribution of emission angle of the broadband (450-1000 nm) correlated photons generated by type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion is presented through the theoretical calculations.The ZEMAX optical software is used to design the optical system which can receive the broadband correlated photon circles and remove the pump laser which is the main source of stray light.The 355 nm wavelength laser is used to pump -barium borate (BBO) crystal to generate the broadband correlated photon circles.A low-light-level CMOS camera is used to adjust and align the opt-mechanical system.Finally,the 430 nm-860 nm correlated photon circles are received by the optical system and detected by the low-light-level CMOS camera.An experimental measurement system is established to measure the time-correlation characteristics of 685 nm and 736.89 nm correlated photon circles.Using 1.0 mW continuous-wave laser to pump BBO crystal,a coincidence peak is observed evidently.The results show that the correlated photon circles generated by type-I SPDC have the characteristics of time-correlation and high photon rates.It can be conductive to improving optical radiometric calibration accuracy based on correlated photons and promoting the development and application in analog detector calibration.