Physical Review A

Measurement of the lifetime of the 5d6pF31 state of barium

Paul E. Jessop, F. M. Pipkin

Published Jul 1, 1979• 9 citations

Abstract

A delayed-coincidence technique has been used to measure the lifetime of the $5d6p^{1}F_{3}$ state of atomic barium. An intermediate, $6s5d^{1}D_{2}$ metastable state of barium atoms in an atomic beam was populated by electron bombardment, and a pulsed cw laser was employed to excite atoms from the metastable state to the $5d6p^{1}F_{3}$ state. A time-to-amplitude convertor was used to measure the time distribution of the fluorescent light. The value obtained for the lifetime was (44.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8) nsec.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.20.269

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Physical Review A

Measurement of the lifetime of the 5d6pF31 state of barium

Paul E. Jessop, F. M. Pipkin

Published Jul 1, 1979• 9 citations

Publisher

Abstract

A delayed-coincidence technique has been used to measure the lifetime of the

5d6p^{1}F_{3}

state of atomic barium. An intermediate,

6s5d^{1}D_{2}

metastable state of barium atoms in an atomic beam was populated by electron bombardment, and a pulsed cw laser was employed to excite atoms from the metastable state to the

5d6p^{1}F_{3}

state. A time-to-amplitude convertor was used to measure the time distribution of the fluorescent light. The value obtained for the lifetime was (44.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8) nsec.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.20.269

Related papers

Measured Lifetime of the ( 3p54s ) P13 State of Argon

John L. Morack, Clifford E. Fairchild

A direct measurement of the natural lifetime for the ( $3{p}^{5}4s$ ) $^{3}P_{1}$ state of argon has been made using a modified delayed-coincidence method. Argon atoms are repetitively excited by pulses of electrons. For each pulse, the decaying light signal is sampled for a time $\ensuremath{\Delta}t$ at some delay time ${t}_{1}$ after the excitation is terminated. The exponential decay is then reconstructed as the delay time is changed. Collision effects are not important in the pressure region (5.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$-2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ Torr) of the experiment and the effects due to cascading are eliminated by keeping the energy of the bombarding electrons low enough so that excitation of the $3{p}^{5}4p$ levels is negligible. The measured lifetime is dependent upon the argon pressure, and this effect is attributed to resonance trapping; a value of 21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 nsec is obtained for the natural lifetime by using the existing theories of resonance trapping to extrapolate the data to zero pressure.A direct measurement of the natural lifetime for the ($3{p}^{5}4s$) $^{3}P_{1}$ state of argon has been made using a modified delayed-coincidence method. Argon atoms are repetitively excited by pulses of electrons. For each pulse, the decaying light signal is sampled for a time $\ensuremath{\Delta}t$ at some delay time ${t}_{1}$ after the excitation is terminated. The exponential decay is then reconstructed as the delay time is changed. Collision effects are not important in the pressure region (5.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$-2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ Torr) of the experiment and the effects due to cascading are eliminated by keeping the energy of the bombarding electrons low enough so that excitation of the $3{p}^{5}4p$ levels is negligible. The measured lifetime is dependent upon the argon pressure, and this effect is attributed to resonance trapping; a value of 21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 nsec is obtained for the natural lifetime by using the existing theories of resonance trapping to extrapolate the data to zero pressure.

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Lifetime determination of the 5d2 3F2 state in barium using trapped atoms

Subhadeep De, Umakanth Dammalapati, Lorenz Willmann

Magneto-optically trapped atoms enable the determination of lifetimes of metastable states and higher lying excited states like the $5{d}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{3}{F}_{2}$ state in barium. The state is efficiently populated by driving strong transitions from metastable states within the cooling cycle of the barium magneto-optical trap (MOT). The lifetime is inferred from the increase of MOT fluorescence after the transfer of up to $30%$ of the trapped atoms to this state. The radiative decay of the $5{d}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{3}{F}_{2}$ state cascades to the cooling cycle of the MOT with a probability of $96.0(7)%$ corresponding to a trap loss of $4.0(7)%$ and its lifetime is determined to $160(10)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. This is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated lifetime of $190\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ [V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum, J. Phys. B 40, 227 (2007)]. The determined loss of $4.0(7)%$ from the cooling cycle is compared with the theoretically calculated branching ratios. This measurement extends the efficacy of trapped atoms to measure lifetimes of higher, long-lived states and validate the atomic structure calculations of heavy multielectron systems.Magneto-optically trapped atoms enable the determination of lifetimes of metastable states and higher lying excited states like the $5{d}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{3}{F}_{2}$ state in barium. The state is efficiently populated by driving strong transitions from metastable states within the cooling cycle of the barium magneto-optical trap (MOT). The lifetime is inferred from the increase of MOT fluorescence after the transfer of up to $30%$ of the trapped atoms to this state. The radiative decay of the $5{d}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{3}{F}_{2}$ state cascades to the cooling cycle of the MOT with a probability of $96.0(7)%$ corresponding to a trap loss of $4.0(7)%$ and its lifetime is determined to $160(10)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. This is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated lifetime of $190\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ [V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum, J. Phys. B 40, 227 (2007)]. The determined loss of $4.0(7)%$ from the cooling cycle is compared with the theoretically calculated branching ratios. This measurement extends the efficacy of trapped atoms to measure lifetimes of higher, long-lived states and validate the atomic structure calculations of heavy multielectron systems.

arXiv:1502.07855Physical Review AMar 26, 20151 citation

Lifetime measurements for excited states of rare-earth atoms using pulse modulation of a cw dye-laser beam

Martin G. H. Gustavsson, Hans Lundberg, L. Nilsson +1 more

Journal of the Optical Society of AmericaJul 1, 197967 citations

A delayed-coincidence technique has been used to measure the lifetime of the

5d6p^{1}F_{3}

state of atomic barium. An intermediate,

6s5d^{1}D_{2}

metastable state of barium atoms in an atomic beam was populated by electron bombardment, and a pulsed cw laser was employed to excite atoms from the metastable state to the

5d6p^{1}F_{3}

state. A time-to-amplitude convertor was used to measure the time distribution of the fluorescent light. The value obtained for the lifetime was (44.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8) nsec.

A direct measurement of the natural lifetime for the (

3{p}^{5}4s

)

^{3}P_{1}

state of argon has been made using a modified delayed-coincidence method. Argon atoms are repetitively excited by pulses of electrons. For each pulse, the decaying light signal is sampled for a time $\ensuremath{\Delta}t$ at some delay time

{t}_{1}

after the excitation is terminated. The exponential decay is then reconstructed as the delay time is changed. Collision effects are not important in the pressure region (5.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$-2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ Torr) of the experiment and the effects due to cascading are eliminated by keeping the energy of the bombarding electrons low enough so that excitation of the

3{p}^{5}4p

levels is negligible. The measured lifetime is dependent upon the argon pressure, and this effect is attributed to resonance trapping; a value of 21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 nsec is obtained for the natural lifetime by using the existing theories of resonance trapping to extrapolate the data to zero pressure.

The

^{3}F

metastable states of the

5{d}^{2}

configuration of neutral barium have been observed in an atomic beam. As far as can be determined from the literature, these states have not been observed previously. Their

g

factors have been measured, and the transmission characteristics of the apparatus indicate a lifetime of at least ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ sec.

Magneto-optically trapped atoms enable the determination of lifetimes of metastable states and higher lying excited states like the

5{d}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{3}{F}_{2}

state in barium. The state is efficiently populated by driving strong transitions from metastable states within the cooling cycle of the barium magneto-optical trap (MOT). The lifetime is inferred from the increase of MOT fluorescence after the transfer of up to

30%

of the trapped atoms to this state. The radiative decay of the

5{d}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{3}{F}_{2}

state cascades to the cooling cycle of the MOT with a probability of

96.0(7)%

corresponding to a trap loss of

4.0(7)%

and its lifetime is determined to $160(10)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. This is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated lifetime of $190\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ [V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum, J. Phys. B 40, 227 (2007)]. The determined loss of

4.0(7)%

from the cooling cycle is compared with the theoretically calculated branching ratios. This measurement extends the efficacy of trapped atoms to measure lifetimes of higher, long-lived states and validate the atomic structure calculations of heavy multielectron systems.